A volta ao mundo contratual: de Aristóteles a Aristóteles
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Privé Université Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Università degli Studi di Milano. robsonzanetti@robsonzanetti.com.br |
Aristóteles prega que a justiça comutativa está baseada no equilíbrio entre as prestações dos contratantes e de certa forma, o justo seria o equilíbrio entre elas.
O Código Civil por sua vez trata o contratante em suas relações jurídica como o bom pai de família, aquele que tem virtudes, sabe escolher o melhor caminho na ora de contratar, é atencioso, toma as precauções devidas antes de realizar o contrato e quando consente para sua realização se vincula obrigatoriamente ao outro contratante, o contrato então tem força de lei perante as partes contratantes e é obrigatório que seja cumprido conforme foi contratado.
Aqui a vontade das partes tem uma papel relevante, elas têm autonomia e sabem a que estão se obrigando.
O tempo passa e a sociedade começa a perceber que o bom pai de família já não tem tanta autonomia como parece ter, lhe são pré-determinadas cláusulas inseridas em contratos de adesão e ele começa a ficar numa situação de fraqueza perante alguns contratantes, sua vontade passa a ser protegida, o consumidor deve ser informado previamente de suas obrigações, ele passa a ter um direito de reflexão em certos casos e mesmo após concluir o contrato pode rever sua decisão.
O consumidor é presumido estar numa situação de inferioridade na relação contratual diante do fornecedor, aqui ele é visto como uma figura fraca que precisa ser protegida, existe a necessidade de um direito especial para protegê-lo e assim nasce o Código...
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