- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Ergonomia Interpretando a NR-17. Manual Técnico E Prático para a Interpretação Da Norma Regulamentadora N. 17
- A Ergonomia
Toyotismo
Autor | Alexandre Pinto da Silva |
Ocupação do Autor | Engenheiro Eletricista. Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho. Higienista Ocupacional. Consultor em Ergonomia. Mestre em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência. Professor de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho |
Páginas | 29-30 |
Page 29
Na década de 1970, houve um movimento, que até então era pouco difundido no mundo ocidental, que recebeu o nome popular de Toyotismo, pois se originou nas fábricas de automóveis da Toyota, no Japão, tendo como mentor o engenheiro Taiichi Ohno.
Esse modelo de produção teve início após a segunda guerra mundial, e nessa época encontrou um cenário ideal no Japão para seu crescimento, ou seja, um mercado bem mais restrito, diferente dos modelos até então conhecidos.
A ideia principal desse modelo era somente produzir o necessário, sem a necessidade de estoque, flexibilizando a produção, sem abrir mão da qualidade do produto.
Nesse modelo, as relações de trabalho também sofreram alterações, pois ao contrario do Taylorismo e do Fordismo, agora o trabalhador deveria ser mais qualificado, participativo, polivalente, estar apto a laborar em várias funções.
As principais características do modelo toyotista são:
- Flexibilização da Produção - produzir apenas o necessário, reduzindo os estoques ao mínimo.
- Automatização - utilizando máquinas que desligavam automaticamente caso ocorresse qualquer problema, um empregado poderia manusear várias máquinas ao mesmo tempo, diminuindo os gastos com pessoal.
- Just in Time (na hora certa) -sem espaço para armazenar matéria-prima e mesmo a produção, criou-se um sistema para detectar a demanda e produzir os bens, que só são produzidos após a venda.
- Kanban (etiqueta ou cartão) - método para programar a produção, de modo que o just in time se efetive.
- Team work (trabalho em equipe) - os trabalhadores passaram a trabalhar em grupos, orientados por uma líder. O objetivo é de ganhar tempo, ou eliminar os "tempos mortos".
- Controle de...
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