Simbólico
Autor | Silvane Maria Marchesini |
Ocupação do Autor | Jurista. Psicóloga. Psicanalista. Pós-Graduada, Mestra em Psicologia Clínica |
Páginas | 193-194 |
Page 193
"Posição de insistência [...] Certamente não poderíamos negligenciar neste caso a inluência de Jakobson, cujos Fondamentals of Language foram publicados e em 1956, isto é, no período intermediário entre o seminário sobre ‘A carta roubada’ e sua rees-crita. A noção de cadeia significante, que deu fundamento à categoria do simbólico, situa-se em sua esfera; e é na medida em que lhe são atribuídos os efeitos de ‘in-sistência’ e de ‘ex-sistência’ característicos da expe-riência psicanalítica que Lacan se afasta então de sua concepção anterior de uma combinatória simbólica de inconsciente, derivada de Lévi-Strauss.
No ano seguinte, a conferência retomada sob o título de ‘A instância da letra no inconsciente‘ as-sociará a isso a consistência. Aliás, em uma nota ao mesmo texto, a propósito da metonímia, Lacan faz questão de prestar homenagem a Jakobson, su-blinhando que um psicanalista ‘encontra a todo o instante em seus trabalhos com que estruturar sua experiência’. Novamente em 1960: ‘O inconsciente, a partir de Freud’, ? uma cadeia de significantes que, em algum lugar (numa outra cena, escreve ele), se repete e insiste em interferir nos cortes que lhe oferece o discurso efetivo e a cogitação que dá forma.
Nesta fórmula, que só é nossa por estar em conformidade tanto com o texto freudiano quanto com a experiência que ele inaugurou, o termo crucial
é o significante, restaurado da retórica antiga pela linguística moderna, numa doutrina cujas etapas só podemos aqui marcar, mas da qual os nomes de Ferdinand de Saussure e de Roman Jakobson indicarão a aurora e a culminação atual, lembrando que a ciência-piloto do estruturalismo no Ocidente tem suas raízes na Rússia onde loresceu o forma-lismo. Genebra 1910, Pétrograd 1920 explicam o su-iciente porque esse instrumento faltou a Freud. Mas essa falha da história só torna mais instrutivo o fato de que os mecanismos descritos por Freud, como os do processo primário, em que o inconsciente encontra seu regime, recobrem exatamente as...
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