Quantos gramas fazem um traficante?
Autor | Michael Freitas Mohallem, Rafael Alloni |
Páginas | 319-322 |
Page 319
A expectativa pelo im da criminalização ao uso de drogas é enorme, e a conjuntura nunca foi tão favorável à mudança. A descriminalização está no ar do Supremo. Mas em vez de um julgamento de grande impacto, corre-se o risco de uma decisão tímida - ou mesmo prejudicial ao im que se propõe. Tudo depende de o Supremo estabelecer ou não um critério de quantidade para separar usuários de traicantes.
Quando foi elaborada em 2006, a então Nova Lei de Drogas cindiu os universos de traicantes e usuários. Aos traicantes foi reservada toda a dureza da lei; aos usuários, uma suposta brandura: consumo pessoal passou a não ser mais punível com prisão, embora não tenha deixado de ser crime. Ainda que seu propósito geral tenha sido retirar os usuários das prisões, porém, a lei foi incapaz de evitar que juízes, promotores e policiais dessem a cada caso leituras mais particularistas, geralmente reféns dos contextos sociais dos acusados. O uso pessoal passou ser enquadrado como tráico.
Nos primeiros 7 anos da lei, a proporção de presos por tráico passou de 14% para 25% da população carcerária total, um aumento de 193% quando considerado o número de presos.
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Tabela 4 Quantidades de referência para uso pessoal de maconha e cocaína nos países que adotaram critério objetivo
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Embora existam muitas variáveis que expliquem a explosão do encarceramento por tráico, quando se considera o volume de droga no ato da prisão ica evidente que usuários são sistematicamente condenados como traicantes. Em 13% dos casos na amostra pesquisada, o preso tinha até 10 gramas e, em 45% dos casos, até 50 gramas (a pesquisa completa pode ser encontrada aqui: http://www.nevusp.org/ downloads/down254.pdf )
O silêncio da lei quanto à quantidade de droga que separaria os dois mundos - do usuário e do traicante - viabiliza o subjetivismo das interpretações de juízes. Alguns parlamentares parecem ter percebido isso. No inal de 2014, a Comissão de Constituição e Justiça do Senado aprovou projeto de lei determinando a quantidade suiciente para consumo individual por cinco dias, a ser calculada pela Anvisa, como delimitador do consumo. Diante da diiculdade de que a matéria avance no Congresso, o STF decidiu pautar a ação.
Caso o STF só diga que usar e portar drogas deixa de ser crime, o quadro de injustiça icará inalterado. Usuários continuarão a ser julgados como traicantes, mesmo que o uso em si não seja sequer crime. Permaneceria sem mudança a...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Direitos fundamentais
- Muito barulho para nada: o caso da liberdade sexual nas forças armadas
- Um Supremo socialmente seletivo?
- A tendência passivista do Supremo
- Mais regras e menos princípio para a liberdade de expressão
- Falta de parâmetros ainda é risco para produção de biografias
- Supremo e as prisões: corte constitucional em vários atos
- Quantos gramas fazem um traficante?
- Por que liberar o Funpen não é solução?
- Por que o STF abre mão de defender a liberdade de imprensa?
- Por que só maconha?
- O gênero bate às portas do Supremo
- O direito de resposta no (e além do) Supremo
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