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Princípio da proibição da reformatio in pejus
Autor | Lucas Naif Caluri |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor do Curso de Direito do Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo - UNISAL - unidade Campinas - professor da FACAMP - Faculdades de Campinas |
Páginas | 106-107 |
Page 106
Na visão de Cândido Rangel Dinamarco, reputa-se reformatio in pejus o agravamento da situação do recorrente no julgamento de seu próprio recurso. Os recursos valem pela aptidão que tenham de possibilitar à parte a remoção do gravame sofrido pelo ato judicial. Sua utilidade, no mundo jurídico, consiste na abertura de vias processuais destinadas à possível obtenção de solução favorável quanto às situações instrumentais que se configuram no processo ou no próprio meritum causae. Nessa utilidade é que reside o interesse em recorrer, que é pressuposto de admissibilidade de todo recurso; sem o interesse, nenhum merece ser conhecido, sendo vedada a via recursal ao vencedor. A ninguém é lícito contra se venire, recorrendo para obter dos tribunais uma solução pior, para o seu próprio direito, do que aquela que já existia no processo. Não é à toa que o art. 996 do CPC diz: o recurso pode ser interposto pela parte vencida etc.148
Essa expressão reformatio em pejus é contraditória, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que a reforma se constitui no objetivo principal do recorrente para que tenha uma situação mais vantajosa à decisão impugnada, dá-se a "piora", como sendo exatamente o contrário do que se pretendeu com o recurso.
Recebendo outros nomes, quais sejam "princípio do efeito devolutivo" e "princípio de defesa da coisa julgada parcial", a proibição da reforma visa evitar que o tribunal que recebe o recurso decida de molde a criar para o recorrente uma situação desfavorável. Essa desvantagem, considerada diferença para pior, pode ser qualitativa ou quantitativa. Quando se substitui a providência jurisdicional por outra, de conteúdo diverso, e que acarreta menos vantagem para o recorrente, dá-se a desvantagem qualitativa.
Na lição de Walter Vechiato Júnior, o efeito devolutivo, inerente a todos os recursos, transfere ao tribunal o conhecimento da matéria impugnada. A reformatio
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in pejus indica a reforma em prejuízo do recorrente, ofendendo a personalidade recursal, ou seja, não pode o órgão jurisdicional julgador do recurso modificar a decisão impugnada para piorar a situação de quem recorreu (ou beneficiar a de quem não recorreu).149
Embora a vedação não conste expressis verbis de texto de lei, o princípio da proibição da reformatio in pejus é consagrado no sistema civil brasileiro.
Preleciona Leonardo José Carneiro da Cunha que é curial que o autor - consoante já se acentuou - não tem direito a uma sentença favorável; tem direito, isto...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Recursos no novo Código de Processo Civil
- Princípios fundamentais dos recursos cíveis
- Princípios fundamentais dos recursos cíveis
- Princípio do duplo grau de jurisdição
- Princípio da taxatividade
- Princípio da singularidade
- Princípio da fungibilidade
- Princípio da dialeticidade
- Princípio da voluntariedade
- Princípio da irrecorribilidade em separado das interlocutórias
- Princípio da complementariedade
- Princípio da proibição da reformatio in pejus
- Princípio da consumação
- Princípio da devolutividade dos recursos
- Princípio da lesividade da resolução
- Princípio da pessoalidade dos meios de recurso
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