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- Livros E Revistas
- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- O Contexto de Inserção Da Comissão de Permanência
Pressupostos da contratação de mútuo bancário
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 123-126 |
Page 123
Para a regular contratação de mútuo bancário, tal qual para a de outros contratos, existem pressupostos que devem necessariamente permear a contratação.
No que concerne à capacidade do mutuário, tem-se os arts. 588 e 589 do CC/2002, com a seguinte dicção:
“Art. 588. O mútuo feito a pessoa menor, sem prévia autorização daquele sob cuja guarda estiver, não pode ser reavido nem do mutuário, nem de seus fiadores.
Art. 589. Cessa a disposição do artigo antecedente:
I – Se a pessoa, de cuja autorização necessitava o mutuário para contrair o empréstimo, o ratificar posteriormente;
II – Se o menor, estando ausente1essa pessoa, se viu obrigado a contrair empréstimo para os seus alimentos habituais;
III – Se o menor tiver ganhos com o seu trabalho. Mas, em tal caso, a execução do credor não lhes poderá ultrapassar as forças;
IV – Se o empréstimo reverter em benefício do menor;
V – Se o menor obteve o empréstimo maliciosamente”.
Page 124
A capacidade retratada pelas disposições normativas acima transcritas, que pressupõe a higidez do consentimento,2é a capacidade de fato, e não meramente a capacidade de direito. Em outras palavras, a capacidade ora apontada é a potencialidade de o agente exercer e instrumentalizar, ele mesmo, todo o conteúdo normativo que as disposições legais lhe franqueiam, sem que, para tanto, tenha de se valer de representante ou assistente. Entre as hipóteses, vale ressaltar, no que concerne ao inciso I do art. 589, o negócio jurídico que fora originariamente concebido de maneira irregular, e que por força dessa anomalia era passível de anulação, torna-se ato jurídico perfeito mediante ratificação do empréstimo havido, não mais sujeitando-se à possibilidade de cessação de seus efeitos em razão de impropriedade, de forma ou de fundo, que incidiu na sua gênese.
No que tange à forma, são dignos de nota os preceitos veiculados no art. 323, que dispõe sobre o objeto da quitação dada pelo mutuante, estipulando que, pendentes o principal e juros, o silêncio do credor importa na quitação dos juros – e no art. 591, que pressupõe a pactuação de juros, ainda que não haja previsão expressa na contratação de mútuo com fins econômicos – ambos do Código Civil, nos seguintes termos:
Page 125
“Art. 323. Sendo a quitação do capital sem reserva dos juros, estes presumem-se pagos.
(...)
Art. 591. Destinando-se o mútuo a fins econômicos, presumem-se devidos os juros, os quais, sob pena de redução, não poderão exceder a taxa a que se...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- O Contexto de Inserção da Comissão de Permanência
- Primeiras linhas sobre a comissão de permanência
- Referências à origem dos juros monetários
- Os juros monetários desde a antiguidade
- Os juros monetários na história do Brasil
- O empréstimo como pressuposto dos juros monetários
- Os juros sob uma perspectiva econômica
- Os juros sob uma perspectiva jurídica
- Pressupostos da contratação de mútuo bancário
- Classificação dos juros
- Composição do spread bancário e a desarrazoada pretensão de tabelamento dos juros
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