Prefácio
Autor | Alice Saldanha Villar |
Páginas | 9-11 |
Page 9
Os principais institutos de Direito Comercial, a meu juízo, foram desenvolvidos na Idade Média, a partir do surgimento das organizações bancárias.
De fato, com a circulação das letras de câmbio - já como ordem de pagamento a terceiros, e não como simples prova do depósito de certa importância em união dos banqueiros -, e o contrato de câmbio marítimo, que se transformou em seguro marítimo, tomando corpo, ainda, os contratos de transporte, comissão e sociedade, essas organizações ampliaram e criaram a estrutura jurídica para o desenvolvimento da atividade bancária.
Iniciou-se, dessa maneira, a separação entre o Direito Comercial e o Civil.
Com a descoberta e exploração da América, surgiu a necessidade de grandes empreendimentos comerciais. Holanda, Portugal, Espanha, França e Inglaterra são países e povos que se lançaram à nova empreitada. Não por acaso, a doutrina mais abalizada expressa que o surgimento da pessoa jurídica, com os contornos de separação do patrimônio social daquele particular dos sócios, coincide com a ideia de ampliação da prática comercial.
A partir do século XVII, os bancos passaram a emitir notas bancárias e, desde então, não pararam de ampliar suas atividades, tendo por finalidade principal a intermediação do crédito.
No Brasil, a atividade é privativa das instituições financeiras, com atuação regulada pela Lei nº 4.595/64, competindo ao Banco Central do Brasil a fiscalização permanente dessa atividade. Aliás, o próprio Sistema Financeiro Nacional é integrado, além do Banco Central, por Conselho Monetário, Banco do Brasil, BNDES e todas as demais instituições públicas e privadas.
Page 10
Nas últimas décadas, inúmeros bancos estatais foram privatizados, e um fenômeno interessante ocorreu, porquanto as instituições bancárias foram transformando-se, gradativamente, em "bancos múltiplos". Também se costuma analisar, com frequência, o fenômeno da "bancarização" e, ainda, a extraordinária automação do sistema bancário.
Com efeito, as instituições bancárias tornaram-se essenciais ao funcionamento da sociedade contemporânea, pois além de oferecerem serviços financeiros de movimentação e depósito de dinheiro para os consumidores, constituem ferramentas essenciais para o financiamento do comércio, da indústria e das empresas prestadoras de serviços, auxiliando o incremento das atividades empresariais e o desenvolvimento econômico e social.
Na atual dinâmica das relações econômico-financeiras, sobressai a importância...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Direito Bancário
- Os professores abrem
- Dedicatoria
- Prefácio
- Direito bancário: noções gerais
- Sistema financeiro nacional
- Intervenção do estado no domínio econômico
- Código de defesa do consumidor e atividades bancárias
- Responsabilidade civil bancária
- Garantias bancárias
- O cheque no direito brasileiro
- Contratos bancários
- Referências
- Anexo - Súmulas relativas ao direito bancário
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