Os obstáculos existentes para um sócio deixar a sociedade
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Prive Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Universitá degli Studi di Milano |
Podemos afirmar que nenhum sócio tem a obrigação de se manter nesse status numa sociedade de forma eterna. É por isso que os princípios gerais do direito consagram o direito fundamental de transmitir os títulos sociais, ou sejam, as quotas sociais e as ações. O desejo de deixar a sociedade é legítimo quando ele é analisado em um contrato sucessivo onde a vontade perde sua força criadora e seu dinamismo com o passar do tempo. O sócio prisioneiro da sociedade arriscaria de ameaçar a sobrevivência da sociedade pela aparição de conflitos e de antagonismos entre seus membros. A regra de ouro deveria ser então a liberdade de se retirar a todo momento de qualquer tipo de sociedade. Todavia, existem obstáculos que impedem com que um sócio se retire da sociedade quando ele bem entender ou seja, como melhor lhe seja conveniente. Esses obstáculos estão ligados diretamente com a própria qualidade de ser sócio, como também ao não reconhecimento de um direito geral de retirada. Dessa forma, constata-se num primeiro momento que certas partes sociais são incessíveis, ou seja, numa sociedade simples onde o aporte do sócio é realizado na prestação de serviços isso implica que a pessoa que faz o aporte nessa condição não pode deixar a sociedade sem que o desaparecimento de seu aporte. O fato de não poder materialmente transmitir uma atividade diretamente dependente da pessoa torna essas partes sociais intransmissíveis. As quotas podem ser constituídas mediante usufruto, a situação da pessoa que faz esse tipo de aporte dá a sociedade o direito dessa gozar das mesmas, possuindo o usufrutuário, no silêncio da constituição do usufruto, o usufrutuário exercerá o direito de votos nas reuniões ou assembléias gerais de sócios, pois esse tem o direito à posse, administração e percepção dos frutos da cousa usufruída, não podendo o usufrutuário alienar suas quotas. Esse fato impede que as quotas possam ser alienadas livremente. Por outro lado...
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