A Previdência como Norma Materialmente Constitucional
Autor | Bruno Sá Freire Martins |
Páginas | 21-25 |
Page 21
Com o advento do Estado, a sociedade passou a pressupor uma organização mínima necessária, a ser criada e desenvolvida com o intuito claro de proporcionar a todos os seus integrantes o exercício de direitos e a observância de obrigações.
Ainda que de forma não codificada, as normas surgiram na sociedade com os objetivos de regular a convivência entre os homens e de substituir as disputas por poder, contudo, esse efeito não foi plenamente alcançado na medida em que os homens passaram a empreender lutas sangrentas para fazer prevalecer os direitos concebidos por esta mesma sociedade.
Nesse momento, o poder estatal ainda se baseava na teocracia absolutista, na qual o mandatário maior é "aquele que fora escolhido por Deus". Mas a necessidade de fazer valer a vontade da coletividade e as inúmeras guerras alimentadas por pseudopropósitos fez com que essa forma de poder passasse a perder espaço, permitindo-se a ascensão de um poder cuja origem reside nos integrantes da sociedade e não na suposta vontade divina, ensejando assim uma maior aceitação e concretude aos olhos do povo.
É bem verdade que as pseudoguerras até hoje continuam a existir e a fundamentar uma série de ações ofensivas aos direitos dos povos e até mesmo à soberania das nações; contudo, a evolução social, concomitante à temporal, demonstrou a necessidade de se suprimir o poder das mãos dos chamados "representantes de Deus" e entregá-lo a quem realmente o detém, o povo.
Daí surgem, apesar das inúmeras opiniões doutrinárias em contrário, as primeiras raízes do constitucionalismo, presentes na Magna Charta Libertatum,
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outorgada pelo rei João Sem-Terra em 15 de julho de 1215, que passou a figurar como um dos mais importantes antecedentes históricos das declarações de direitos humanos.
Subsequentemente, na Europa, começam a surgir as revoltas armadas, cujo expoente se encontra na França com a chamada Revolução Francesa. Movimento esse que tem como um dos principais estopins um panfleto de autoria do abade Emmanuel Sieyès, no qual, procurando fundamentar essas reivindicações no direito, desenvolveu o seu pensamento jurídico nos dois capítulos finais do famoso texto, partindo da forma representativa de governo para chegar, pela primeira vez, a uma distinção entre o poder constituinte e os poderes constituídos. Então, distinguiu três épocas na formação das sociedades políticas.
Na primeira, há uma quantidade de indivíduos isolados que, pelo só fato de quererem reunir-se, têm todos os direitos de uma nação; trata-se apenas de exercê-los. Na segunda época, reúnem-se para deliberar sobre as necessidades públicas e os meios de provê-las. A sociedade política atua, então, por meio de uma vontade real comum. Todavia, por causa do grande número de associados e da sua dispersão por uma superfície demasiadamente extensa, ficam eles impossibilitados de exercer por si mesmos a vontade comum. Assim, numa terceira época, surge o governo exercido por procuração: os associados "separam tudo o que é necessário para velar e prover as atenções públicas, e confiam o exercício...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Direito Constitucional Previdenciário do Servidor Público
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- A Previdência como Norma Materialmente Constitucional
- A Previdência e as Gerações de Direitos
- Conceito e Organização da Previdência Social Brasileira
- Síntese Histórica
- Princípios Constitucionais da Previdência do Servidor Público
- Os Filiados ao Regime Próprio
- Os Benefícios Previdenciários
- A Aposentadoria
- Os Proventos
- As Contribuições Previdenciárias
- Previdência dos Militares
- Previdência Complementar
- Desaposentação
- Considerações Finais
- Referências Bibliográficas
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