A monocratização do STF
Autor | Diego Werneck Arguelhes, Ivar A. Hartmann |
Páginas | 69-73 |
Page 69
Em termos quantitativos, o Supremo funciona como um aglomerado de gabinetes que municiam decisões monocráticas dos ministros. Decisões nas quais há múltiplos ministros envolvidos são excepcionais e respondem por uma parte ínima do tempo e da estrutura do tribunal. Segundo dados do projeto Supremo em Números, da FGV Direito Rio , em todos os tipos de processos julgados pelo Tribunal, o percentual médio de decisões monocráticas entre 1992 e 2013 ica em 93%.
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Em linhas gerais, esse cenário é um antigo conhecido, e é admitido pelos próprios ministros. No controle concreto de constitucionalida-
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de - isto é, quando o tribunal enfrenta questões constitucionais ao resolver casos concretos, geralmente em recursos contra decisões de instâncias inferiores - há muito as decisões individuais têm sido a regra. Os relatores precisam iltrar a massa de recursos repetidos e manifestamente improcedentes, poupando o tempo de discussão cole-giada no plenário e nas Turmas. Diante da quantidade patológica de recursos que o tribunal recebe, a comunidade jurídica brasileira talvez já tenha até perdido a sensibilidade para essa enorme delegação de poder individual.
Nos últimos anos, porém, a prática de decidir monocraticamente tem contaminado também, e cada vez mais, o controle abstrato de constitucionalidade - isto é, os processos nos quais o tribunal enfrenta, diretamente e sem análise de um caso concreto, uma questão constitucional. É o que mostram os dados do Supremo em Números, abaixo:
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A queda na concentração de decisões colegiadas no controle abstrato tem sido uma constante nos últimos 25 anos. Há quase 20 anos, menos de 60% das decisões de mérito, em média, são tomadas pelo colegiado. Em 2013, foram menos de 30%. As liminares, por sua vez, estão há 5 anos na faixa de 10% de decisões coletivas.
O controle abstrato de constitucionalidade corresponde a um volume muito pequeno de casos. E, não há, em ADIs e ADPFs, processos realmente "repetidos" em quantidade signiicativa. O que explica que o Plenário julgue cada vez menos processos desse tipo?
Sempre haverá um percentual de pedidos absurdos, que pode variar para mais ou menos ao longo do tempo. Mas é difícil imaginar que, em um espaço de alguns anos, o volume de ADIs e ADPFs manifestamente improcedentes tenha crescido tanto - especialmente se considerarmos que o volume de ações do controle concentrado tem permanecido estável entre 150 e 320 por ano...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Desafios institucionais
- Três desafios para o Supremo
- A monocratização do STF
- Supremo oscilante
- Crise constitucional brasileira? A desarmonia entre os poderes
- Federalismo e meio ambiente: o Supremo não é a solução
- Por que Lewandowski não pauta a ação da OAB sobre financiamento de campanha, retida por Gilmar?
- Qual o papel do relator no Supremo? Duas respostas em tensão no caso da pederastia
- Para que servem as audiências públicas no STF?
- O que significa o presidente Lewandowski receber o presidente Cunha com a imprensa em frente?
- Campanha para ministro do Supremo?
- Melindrosa e sagrada
- A história do processo que não termina
- Como Luiz Edson Fachin entrará para a História?
- Quando o STF descumpre a Lei de Acesso à Informação
- Marco Aurélio Mello: 25 anos de STF
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