Introdução Histórica
Autor | Fernando Vieira Marcelo |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado militante especializado em Direito Previdenciário e Sindical. Palestrante |
Páginas | 29-31 |
Page 29
Inicialmente, cumpre destacar que a aposentadoria especial do Regime Geral de Previdência Social foi instituída pelo art. 31 da Lei nº 3.807/60, sendo concedida ao segurado que, contando no mínimo 50 anos de idade e 15 anos de contribuições, tivesse trabalhado durante 15, 20 ou 25 anos pelo menos, conforme a atividade profissional, em serviços que, para esse efeito, fossem considerados penosos, insalubres ou perigosos, por Decreto do Poder Executivo.
O art. 31 da Lei nº 3.807/60, alterado pela Lei nº 5.440-A/68, suprimiu o requisito idade de 50 anos para a aposentadoria especial.
Mas foi em 25 de março de 1964, com o Decreto nº 53.831, que a relação das atividades prejudiciais à saúde e à integridade física, bem como dos agentes nocivos físicos, biológicos e químicos foi introduzida na legislação. Sejam eles qualitativos, nocivos de natureza e quantitativos quando há que se auferir o índice ou concentração a que está exposto o segurado para a constatação da nocividade. O decreto também indica o índice multiplicador que deverá ser aplicado a cada atividade laborativa e a cada agente nocivo.
Com o advento da Lei nº 5.890/73, ficou estabelecido que a aposentadoria especial seria concedida ao segurado que, contando no mínimo 5 (cinco) anos de contribuições, tivesse trabalhado durante 15, 20 ou 25 anos, pelo menos, conforme a atividade profissional, em condições que, para efeito, fossem consideradas penosas, insalubres ou perigosas, por Decreto do Poder Executivo.
Após a edição do Decreto nº 53.831/64, foram editados no ordenamento jurídico diversos decretos para regulamentar a matéria, em especial
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o Decreto nº 83.080/79, que, assim como o Decreto n° 53.831, teve sua eficácia perdurada até o dia 05 de março de 1997, na parte que trata da relação dos agentes nocivos.
Por sua vez, a Lei nº 8.213/91 regulou a aposentadoria especial através dos artigos 57 e 58. Na forma do art. 57, a aposentadoria especial era devida ao segurado que, atendida a carência de 180 contribuições e observada a regra de transição (art. 142), comprovasse o tempo de serviço exigido - 15, 20 ou 25 anos -, conforme a intensidade da situação especial.
O art. 58, por outro lado, determinava que as atividades profissionais dotadas de condições de trabalho especiais, isto é, consideradas prejudiciais à saúde ou à integridade física, deviam ser arroladas em lei específica. Entretanto, firmou-se na jurisprudência o entendimento de que não importava o fato de a...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aposentadoria especial
- Doutrina
- Seguridade Social
- Introdução Histórica
- Conceito e Requisitos
- Insalubridade, Periculosidade e Penosidade
- Riscos Ambientais
- Exemplos de Categorias Profissionais Insalubres, Penosas e Perigosas
- Exemplos de Agentes Nocivos
- Habitualidade, Permanência e Não Intermitência
- Prova das Condições Ambientais
- Natureza Exemplificativa e Não Taxativa dos Agentes Nocivos Insalubres
- Agentes Nocivos Sem Previsão Normativa Previdenciária Atual
- Da Conversão do Tempo Laborado
- Inconstitucionalidade da Lei nº 9.711/98 e Ilegalidade do Decreto n° 2.782/98
- Equipamentos de Proteção
- Do Valor do Benefício
- Da Conversão da Aposentadoria por Tempo de Contribuição em Aposentadoria Especial
- Outros Períodos Computados
- Da Volta ao Trabalho
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