Introdução
Autor | Hélio Apoliano Cardoso |
Páginas | 13-16 |
Page 13
A execução sempre se mostrou como algoz do executado. Tal processo tem o condão de levar o executado a satisfazer a dívida cobrada.
Sob a designação de "exceção", ou "objeção", seguida do complemento "de pré-executividade" ou "de não-executividade", nossos tribunais, por construção jurisprudencial e com arcabouço doutrinário, vêm solucionando a questão por meio de interessante figura processual, sem previsão expressa no Código de Processo Civil, mas com efeitos substanciais sobre o processo de execução.
Abre-se, assim, a possibilidade, em casos específicos, do insurgimento contra o despacho inicial proferido no processo executivo.
A expressão "exceção de pré-executividade" parece ter sido empregada primeiramente pelo Prof. Araken de Assis, em 1987. Essa forma de contestação e de inconformismo foi, por Galeno Lacerda e José Frederico Marques, dita oposição pré-processual, e o consagrado processualista Pontes de Miranda empregara a expressão "exceção pré-processual".
Trata-se de figura que, se admitida, permite ao executado insurgir-se diretamente contra o sustentáculo da execução, sem que se cogite da necessidade de embargos do devedor, tidos, até então, como processo incidental característico e exclusivo para tal mister.
O instituto de nome pomposo, "exceção de pré-executividade", a rigor não passa de alegação, lembrança ao juiz que deve o título preencher os requisitos de executorie-dade (cheque que não contém os requisitos, nota promissória, enfim, qualquer título que é falho, não pode ser recebido como título executivo). Trata-se apenas disso, de algo que poderia ser feito de ofício, e nada mais. Ocorre que, assim não agindo, o juiz estará implementando ordem grave contra o executado, mesmo na ocorrência de inexistir título executivo extrajudicial, daí a importância do instituto em estudo.
Logo se vê que sendo nulo ou nenhum, o título que aparelha a execucional, imperioso seja o despacho inicial para decretar a nulidade, de oficio, além de outras imperfeições.
Seria iníquo ver o executado ser obrigado a apresentar garantia da cobrança executiva para só assim implementar embargos do devedor no efeito suspensivo.
Page 14
Inexistindo título líquido, certo e exigível, imperioso será ver a inicial de execucional declarada nula de plano pelo magistrado de piso, não podendo, jamais, ser recebida a inicial para determinar a citação do executado.
Representa verdadeiro despautério admitir execução desaparelhada de título líquido, certo e exigível, como determinam os artigos 585, 586, 580 e 618 do CPC, o que é perfeitamente compreensível.
Por isso mesmo é que a sistemática processual estabelece que a oposição de embargos é via própria para o...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Exceção de Pré-Executividade
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- Sobre o Autor
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- Raízes históricas
- Questão da denominação
- Conceito
- Objetivo
- Fundamentos
- Instrumentos de oposição à execução
- Instrumento de oposição ao cumprimento de sentença. Astreintes. Revisão. Possibilidade
- Do Prazo
- Hipóteses de cabimento
- Matérias arguíveis
- Evolução e ampliação do núcleo das matérias arguíveis
- Casos mais frequentes de sua aplicabilidade
- Substituição dos embargos do devedor pela exceção de pré-executividade
- Prazo para interposição
- Custas processuais no caso de movimentação da máquina judicial de forma indevida
- Honorários advocatícios
- Recurso cabível
- Aceitação do princípio da instrumentalidade das formas
- Recebimento no efeito suspensivo
- Reexame de provas pré-constituídas. Possibilidade de apreciação
- Outras considerações
- Razões derradeiras
- Considerações finais
- Notas
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