Introdução
Autor | Raimundo Simão de Melo |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e Consultor Jurídico |
Páginas | 21-23 |
Page 21
A melhor forma de solução dos conflitos de trabalho é por meio do diálogo livre e direto entre empregados e empregadores, o que, no entanto, não é tão fácil, principalmente num país como o nosso que não adquiriu ainda a necessária e adequada maturidade no tocante às relações de trabalho, carecedor que é de implementação da verdadeira liberdade sindical.
Por isso, continua sendo inevitável a busca de soluções estatais. Diante desse quadro, o presente trabalho se destina a investigar e discutir formas eficazes de solução dos conflitos decorrentes das relações trabalhistas, na busca da necessária modernização da prestação jurisdicional em nosso país. Esse estudo será feito a partir do atual ordenamento jurídico processual, considerando-se o direito positivo, a doutrina e a jurisprudência.
O que nos levou à escolha do tema foi a constatação diária de que as formas tradicionais de solução dos conflitos de trabalho no Brasil, voltadas essencialmente para o individualismo, não atendem mais às necessidades de efetivação das normas protetoras dos direitos fundamentais básicos dos trabalhadores, especialmente a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, que não somente criou e manteve importantes direitos sociais (art. 7º e incisos, entre outros dispositivos esparsos), como também armou um sistema processual moderno para aplicação e efetivação desses direitos, tendo como norte a livre iniciativa, a dignidade da pessoa humana do trabalhador, a valorização do trabalho e a defesa do meio ambiente (arts. 1º e 170).
Os instrumentos coletivos de solução de conflitos e de efetivação dos direitos sociais trabalhistas elencados pela Carta Maior e legislação complementar são: o dissídio coletivo, a substituição processual, o Inquérito Civil, o termo de ajustamento de conduta, a Ação Civil Pública, a ação civil coletiva, a ação coletiva de nulidade de atos normativos, o mandado de segurança coletivo, o mandado de injunção e a ação popular. Nesta primeira reflexão abordaremos o Inquérito Civil, o termo de ajustamento de conduta, a Ação Civil Pública, a ação civil coletiva e a substituição processual. Os demais instrumentos mencionados — o dissídio coletivo, a ação coletiva de nulidade de atos normativos, o mandado de segurança coletivo, o mandado de injunção e a ação popular — serão objeto de reflexão numa outra obra já em andamento. Nosso objetivo geral é percorrer, com o tempo, todos os instrumentos que formam a jurisdição coletiva no processo do...
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