Insalubridade, Periculosidade e Penosidade
Autor | Fernando Vieira Marcelo |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado militante especializado em Direito Previdenciário e Sindical. Palestrante |
Páginas | 41-45 |
Page 41
Com o advento da Lei 9.032, de 28.04.1995, que acrescentou o § 4° ao artigo 57 da Lei 8.213/91, somente a insalubridade passa a ser alvo no Direito Previdenciário.
Art. 57 (...)
§ 4º O segurado deverá comprovar, além do tempo de trabalho, exposição aos agentes nocivos químicos, físicos, biológicos ou associação de agentes prejudiciais à saúde ou à integridade física, pelo período equivalente ao exigido para a concessão do benefício.
A CLT sabiamente traça o conceito de insalubridade e periculosidade:
· Insalubridade: art. 189 da CLT:
(...) que, por sua natureza, condições ou métodos de trabalho, exponham os empregados a agentes nocivos à saúde, acima dos limites de tolerância fixados em razão da natureza e da intensidade do agente e do tempo de exposição aos seus efeitos.
· Periculosidade: art. 193 da CLT:
(...) aquelas que, por natureza ou métodos de trabalho, impliquem o contato permanente com inflamáveis ou explosivos em condições de risco acentuado.
· Penosidade, para o doutrinador Wladimir Novaes Martinez, assim se define:
Page 42
Pode ser considerada penosa a atividade produtora de desgaste no organismo, de ordem física ou psicológica, em razão da repetição dos movimentos, condições agravantes, pressões e tensões próximas do indivíduo. Tem a particularidade de, em muitos casos, não deixar sinais perceptíveis. Os efeitos desaparecem após descanso, restando apenas seqüelas sedimentares. (MARTINEZ; 2000, p.31.)
Após 28.04.1995, para ter direito à aposentadoria especial, o segurado deve comprovar que está inserido em um ambiente insalubre. E ambiente insalubre, como já mencionado, é a comprovação de exposição de agentes considerados nocivos à saúde e à integridade física.
As atividades penosas (atividade que acarrete desgaste físico ou psicológico) e perigosas ou periculosas (atividade com iminente risco de acidentes e/ou explosões) não são mais reconhecidas como atividades especiais:
De forma explícita, ficam excluídas da aposentadoria especial as atividades sujeitas à periculosidade e penosidade. (VENDRAME; 2000, p. 23)
O conceito de nocividade não é genérico. Apenas são nocivos os agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos (e associação de agentes), por expressa disposição legal. (LEITÃO; 2007, p. 245)
Ocorre que, por força do direito adquirido, as atividades penosas e perigosas ou periculosas continuam sendo consideradas para períodos...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aposentadoria especial
- Doutrina
- Seguridade Social
- Introdução Histórica
- Conceito e Requisitos
- Insalubridade, Periculosidade e Penosidade
- Riscos Ambientais
- Exemplos de Categorias Profissionais Insalubres, Penosas e Perigosas
- Exemplos de Agentes Nocivos
- Habitualidade, Permanência e Não Intermitência
- Prova das Condições Ambientais
- Natureza Exemplificativa e Não Taxativa dos Agentes Nocivos Insalubres
- Agentes Nocivos Sem Previsão Normativa Previdenciária Atual
- Da Conversão do Tempo Laborado
- Inconstitucionalidade da Lei nº 9.711/98 e Ilegalidade do Decreto n° 2.782/98
- Equipamentos de Proteção
- Do Valor do Benefício
- Da Conversão da Aposentadoria por Tempo de Contribuição em Aposentadoria Especial
- Outros Períodos Computados
- Da Volta ao Trabalho
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