Fundo de comércio
Cargo | Mestre e doutorando em Direito Comercial pela Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Especialista em Direito Comercial pela Università degli Studi di Milano. E-mail: robsonzanetti@hotmail.com |
O fundo de comércio tem como elemento essencial a ligação de uma clientela que adquire um produto ou serviço de uma determinada pessoa. Esse fundo pode ser adquirido ou criado e mantido por uma pessoa.
No caso da exploração de um fundo de comércio após a assinatura de um contrato de concessão exclusiva ou de franquia é necessário observar que a sanção de uma eventual perda de clientes ou de um insucesso total recai diretamente sobre o concessionário ou o franqueado.
Para que possamos saber a quem pertence o fundo de comércio num contrato de concessão exclusiva ou de franquia será necessário analisarmos a quem pertence a clientela porque este é o principal elemento do fundo de comércio, ou seja, esta clientela pertence ao concedente ou ao concessionário exclusivo ao franqueador ou ao franqueado?
Se analisarmos tanto o contrato de concessão exclusiva como o contrato de franquia sob o prisma de que a clientela é atraída pela marca de um produto ou serviço, fazendo com que estes contratos deixem de ser aleatórios, verificaremos que a clientela pertence ao concedente ou ao franqueador e assim sendo, o concessionário exclusivo e o franqueado não tem nenhum fundo de comércio.
Para modificar esta situação é necessário que o concessionário exclusivo ou o franqueado demonstrem que possuem uma clientela própria, independente daquela que é atraída pela marca. Esta demonstração não é possível quando não existe a independência jurídica do concessionário exclusivo ou do franqueado ( ver artigo que publicamos na semana passada no que se refere...
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