Failures in brazilian public social programs to reduce extreme poverty: case study Porto Alegre for all
| Autor | Gabriel R. D. Levrini |
| Cargo | Agrônomo |
| Páginas | 786-806 |
FAILURES IN BRAZILIAN PUBLIC SOCIAL PROGRAMS TO REDUCE EXTREME
POVERTY: case study Porto Alegre for all
Gabriel R D Levrini1
Abstract
Poverty can be an economic circumstance, but it is also a political issue, since it directly influences several political
decisions. The academic literatu re agrees that fundamental human needs have had, in fact, little development in their
concept and scope within recent decades, although significantly changed happened in the Western way of accomplishing
needs. We seek to understand differ ent perspectives on possible different paths to a hum anist articulation in the
development of society. The goal of the research is through a huma nistic approach based on Max Neef's theoretical precepts
to understand the failure of the social program called Porto Alegre for All, in which less than 10% of the target population
adopted the program. The research design had a qualitative phase with interviews with six target individuals, aim ing to gain
insights for the development of attributes and hierarchy of values for the use of the quantitative technique of joint analysis,
made with a sampl e of 98 individuals. In our research the most important result was the attribute freedom, and the maternal
pillar of the family is the great reference of these individuals.
Keywords: Extreme Poverty. Freedom. Social programs. Fundamentals human need s.
Resumo
A pobreza pode ser uma circunstância econômica, mas também é uma questão política. A liter atura acadêmica concorda
que o conceito das necessidades humanas fundamentais teve, de fato, pou co desenvolvimento na sua atualização e escopo
nas últimas décadas, embora mudanças significativas tenham ocorrido no modo ocidental de atender às necessidades.
Buscamos a compreensão de diferentes perspectivas sobre os possíveis caminhos diferentes para uma articulação
humanista no desenvolvimento da sociedade. O objetivo da pesquisa, é através de uma abordagem humanística baseada
em preceitos teóricos de Max Neef compreender o fracasso do programa social denominado Porto Alegre para Todos, no
qual menos de 10% da população-alvo adotou o programa. O design da pesquisa teve uma fase qualitativa com entrevistas
com seis indivíduos target, com o objetivo de obter insights para o desenvolvimento dos atributos ehierarquia de valores
para utilização da técnica quantitativa de análise conjunta, feita com uma amostra de 98 indivíduos. Na nossa pesquisa o
resultado mais importantefoi o atributo liberdade, sendo que o pilar materno da familia e a grande referência destes
individuos.
Palavras-chave: Extrema pobreza. Liberdade. Programas sociais. Necessidades fundam entais humanas.
Artigo recebido em: 27/09/2018 Aprovado em: 02/10/2019
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v23n2p786-806.
1 Agrônomo. Pós- Doutor em NeuroMar keting pela UFRGS. Doutor em Administração de E mpresas pela Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Mestrado em International Finance - Pacific States University - Los Angeles –USA.
Consultor de em presas com a Neurometrics Brasil. Professor de Pós- Graduação da ESPM, Faculty Full time. E-mail:
levrini@terra.com.br
Gabriel R D Levrini
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1 INTRODUÇÃO
In his seminal article “A Theory of Human Motivation,” Abraham Maslow (1943) presents
the "hierarchy of needs” and establishes the concept that has been broadly used and studied by
academicians and students since the last century. He sums up: "The basic human needs are organized
in a hierarchy of relative prepotency” (MASLOW, 1943, p. 375), that could be resume as that a higher
order need only emerges when the immediately lower need is relatively satisfied.
In the last decades, it almost became a routine to verify how a good number of Latin
American countries cyclically, found themselves insome kind of social state of crisis. The complexity of
crisis they faced led to a nonconsensual situation among academicians, in what relates to the
consequent different treatments. In some countries, policies of populism opened a road to new ways of
political representation, as well as mechanisms of sector representation. As a system of government,
the main contribution of populism in these countries was the recognition of different social groups not
included in politics so far. Nevertheless, they were not sufficient to modify the context of the layers of
extreme poverty. Society becomes ashamed of its incapacity to understand such a social dynamic
(MAX-NEEF, 1991).
Interesting to note that in 1973, and later in 1975, with the Declaration of Cocoyokand of
the Dag-Hammarskjöld Report, the current debate at the United Nations Organization stated that the
demographic explosion was due to poverty, while also, caused the strong power of natural resources
devastation. Actually, there already was a consensus that such a destruction came with the materialism
behind the high levels of consumption in industrialized nations (HOGAN; MARANDOLA JR; OJIMA,
2010; UNCTD, 2007).
This meant a substantial change in the perception that prevailed over development
strategies. They now focused more on the satisfaction of human needs in a development panorama,
requiring a new understanding of the reality (BIRSDALL, 2007).
From then on, it became a consensus in the academia that development and human needs
are actually components of the only equation. This approach proved to go much further than an
improvised case of a paradigm of a state in crisis. Since the beginning, such a postulate involves
development a new ways of thinking about. The mentioned statement tries to see the world in a
completely different, nonconventional perspective. Thus, it created the necessary conditions for a new
approach of the theory of human needs. Better, it precisely is a new approach for the theory of human
development. (MAX-NEEF, 1991).
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