Eu-ideal
Autor | Silvane Maria Marchesini |
Ocupação do Autor | Jurista. Psicóloga. Psicanalista. Pós-Graduada, Mestra em Psicologia Clínica |
Páginas | 189-189 |
Page 189
As duas noções de "Eu-ideal" e "Ideal-do--Eu" parecem ser utilizadas por Freud de maneira indiferenciada. Entretanto, sua primeira aparição em "Sobre o Narcisismo - Uma introdução" (1914c) mostra de imediato uma diferença, na medida em que o Ideal-Eu é dado como destinatário do amor de si de que desfrutava na infância o Eu--ideal. A distinção incide, portanto, sobre a realidade e a idealização dessa realidade, tornada duradoura ao ser apresentada como um fato consumado. O Ideal-do-Eu é, em contrapartida, uma noção dinâmica: o sujeito, escreve Freud, procura recuperar a perfeição narcísica de sua infância sob a nova forma do Ideal-do-Eu, que ele projeta à sua frente como um objetivo a atingir num tempo futuro. Pode-se ver, portanto, no Eu-ideal a sobrevivência nostálgica do narcisismo perdido e, no Ideal-do-Eu, a formação dinâmica que sustenta a aspiração ao progresso.
O Eu-ideal é um desenvolvimento do narcisismo infantil e da onipotência que o acompanha. O que vai diferenciá-lo do Ideal-do-Eu é que, para obter a autoestima que deseja, o Eu é levado a obedecer às ordens do que Freud denominara ulteriormente o Supereu. Pelo contrário, o Eu-ideal, se não está em total concomitância com o Eu, posto que a onipotência se
perdeu com o narcisismo infantil, vai reconstituir, em contrapartida, essa proximidade pela fantasia e o devaneio diurno, que vão fazer dele um herói e um vitorioso. Percebe-se aqui a diferença com o Ideal-do--Eu, próximo do Supereu, o qual não se forma segundo o modelo dessa onipotência ilusória, mas pelo dos pais e, mais precisamente, pelo Supereu e os ideais deles. O Eu-ideal apresenta-se como uma maneira de abreviar o trabalho e a tensão que o Ideal-do-Eu exige, afirmando seus objetivos ou de outros que lhe seriam ainda superiores como já alcançados.
Hermann Nunberg deiniu o Eu-ideal como a união do Eu com o Isso. Essa instância resulta diretamente do narcisismo onipotente e manifesta-se na patologia...
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