Os embargos do impeachment e os critérios de interpretação
Autor | Fernando Leal |
Páginas | 359-361 |
Page 359
Os embargos de declaração de Cunha contra o acórdão do impeachment - que por sinal sequer foi publicado - procuram apontar omissões e contradições no voto vencedor do ministro Barroso. Na discussão sobre o juízo de admissibilidade do pedido de impeachment pelo Senado, em seu voto, Barroso airmou que sua interpretação se sustentava por todos os elementos tradicionais de interpretação - histórico, literal, sistemático e lógico. Nos embargos, porém, sobre o mesmo ponto, a Câmara airma: "[t]odos aqueles elementos de interpretação adotados pelo ministro Barroso (histórico, literal, sistemático e lógico) são perfeitamente aplicáveis" para sustentar entendimento contrário ao do ministro.
É possível que ministros e advogados ou mesmo ministros diferentes possam empregar o mesmo arsenal de critérios de interpretação para chegar a resultados incompatíveis? A jurisprudência do Supremo mostra que sim.
No famoso HC 82.424/RS, "caso Ellwanger", os ministros Moreira Alves e Maurício Corrêa manejaram os critérios literal, histórico e sistemático para sustentar resultados opostos para a mesma questão: editar e publicar obras com conteúdo antissemita é ato de racismo? Para Moreira Alves, não; para Corrêa, sim. Como explicar? Simples: dicionários diferentes levaram a caracterizações diferentes do que possa ser considerado "racismo". O recurso aos anais da constituinte por um ministro e a alegação, por outro, de realização de uma interpretação autêntica em razão da sua condição de constituinte também levaram a propósitos distintos buscados pelos constituintes originários.
Page 360
Finalmente, pedaços diferentes da Constituição, selecionados pelos ministros de modo a sustentar seus próprios argumentos, embasavam decisões opostas sobre qual era a melhor leitura, no caso, do artigo 5º, XLII, da Constituição.
Na ADPF do impeachment, independentemente de quaisquer discussões sobre o mérito da questão, mais uma vez nota-se esse fenômeno. Recorrer a critérios de interpretação para justiicar uma decisão do Supremo não é suiciente para blindá-la contra críticas. Pelo contrário. Falar e utilizar elementos de interpretação "clássicos ou tradicionais" em decisões constitucionais pode não signiicar muito. Mais um exemplo: nos embargos na ADPF do impeachment, alega-se que Barroso deveria ter consultado um dicionário jurídico - e não o dicionário Aurélio - para deinir o sentido da palavra "eleição". Mas por que deveria haver algum tipo de prioridade em favor de...
Para continuar a ler
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