O Cumprimento da Sentença
Autor | Francesco Carnelutti |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e jurista italiano |
Páginas | 99-107 |
Page 99
Como quer que seja, absolvição ou condenação, o processo termina quando o juiz diz a última palavra.
Também esta é uma impressão, ao menos em parte, enganosa. Termina, é certo, com a absolvição; quero dizer, quando a absolvição se converta em coisa julgada. E deixemos estar se é justo que ocorra assim; é sempre possível que mais tarde surjam novas provas, das quais resulte com certeza que o imputado absolvido era culpado; o porquê, neste caso, ele devia gozar da impunidade, é algo que dificilmente se compreende; mas não é a crítica da lei o que quero fazer desde este púlpito.
Page 100
Do contrário, no caso de condenação, o processo não termina em absoluto. Quando se trata de condenação, nunca está dita a última palavra: o imputado absolvido, ainda quando surjam novas provas contra ele, está atualmente, bem ou mal, em segurança, mas o condenado, em certos casos (e deixemos estar também aqui a crítica da lei, que é igualmente, neste aspecto, muito imperfeita) tem direito à revisão, ou seja, com muitas cautelas, à reabertura do processo.
Como quer que seja, e ainda prescindindo desta revivescência, a condenação não significa em absoluto o final do processo: quer dizer, pelo contrário e à diferença da absolvição, que o processo continua; somente que sua sede se transfere do tribunal para a penitenciária. O que se deve entender é que também a penitenciária está compreendida, com o tribunal, no Palácio da Justiça. Esta é uma ideia que nada tem de clara ainda na mente dos juristas; mas deve ser aclarada no interesse da civilidade. Inclusive aqui se apresenta a nudez do problema no terreno da civilidade.
Ocorre às pessoas, incluídos os juristas, em relação à condenação, algo de análogo ao que ocorre quando um homem morre: o pronunciamento da condenação, com o aparato que todos conhecem, mais ou
Page 101
menos, é uma espécie de funeral; terminada a cerimônia, uma vez que o imputado sai da cela e o tomam em seu poder os guardas, continua para cada um de nós a vida cotidiana e, pouco a pouco, no morto não se pensa mais. Sob um certo aspecto se pode também assemelhar a penitenciária ao cemitério; mas se esquece de que o condenado é um sepultado vivo.
Não é necessário muito para compreender que em vez de cemitério deveria ser um hospital; mas basta ter entendido isto para descobrir o erro de quem pensa que, com a condenação, o processo esteja terminado. A condenação, olhando-a bem, não é mais que uma diagnose; não é também a diagnose um...
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