Bitcoin. O dinheiro bateu asas
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A reportagem de capa desta edição da Revista Bonijuris trata não apenas de um fato, mas de uma onda irrefreável. Um tsunami tecnológico que avança absoluto, esconde complexidades vendendo facilidades e transforma, num átimo, a vida humana e o mundo como o conhecemos.
O bitcoin ou criptomoeda, nosso tema em destaque, venceu várias etapas – do fascínio à suspeição – e ainda assim apenas arranha o verniz do que está por vir. Não se resume apenas ao lançamento de um produto no mercado apoiado em startups digitais (Uber, Paypal, Netflix). É uma revolução de normas e condutas que reclama a criação de novas leis. O Uber é exemplo palpável, porque está relacionado a um serviço de carona cujas regras são auditadas diariamente pelo usuário sem interferência de um órgão municipal voltado para esse fim.
As moedas digitais seguem o mesmo caminho. Como destaca o advogado do escritório paulista Cerqueira Leite e pós-doutor em direito internacional, Douglas de Castro, o bitcoin transgride a soberania nacional ao subtrair do Estado a emissão e controle da utilização do dinheiro em circulação. Bitcoins são negociados peer-to-peer (par a par ou ponto a ponto), dispensando o intermediário, que atende também pelo nome de banco ou instituição financeira.
Estamos diante de uma implosão paradigmática que certamente influirá no direito, na legislação e na jurisprudência em curto espaço de tempo, porque é somente desse exíguo intervalo que o mundo tecnológico precisa.
Ao Estado cabe levantar escudos de proteção, alertando para o fato de que o “correntista” de um banco de moedas virtuais não é identificado e que isso facilitaria a corrupção e a lavagem de dinheiro. Castro os refuta um a um. Lembra que os idealizadores do bitcoin – a...
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