Birth of saint petersburg agglomeration under the rule of peter the great in 1703-1724
| Autor | Sergey V. Sementsov - Nadezhda A. Akulova |
| Cargo | Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering - Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering |
| Páginas | 729-752 |
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 9 - Nº 04 - Ano 2020
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
729
BIRTH OF SAINT PETERSBURG AGGLOMERATION UNDER THE RULE OF
PETER THE GREAT IN 1703–1724
Sergey V. Sementsov
1
Nadezhda A. Akulova
2
Abstract. Relevance of this paper’s subject
is due to the necessity to elaborate a modern
program of the development of Saint
Petersburg agglomeration in northwest
Russia for the following 15–20 years (up to
the 2030s) based on the historical and
genetical features of its origin and
development. The aim of the paper was to
study the early stage of the uprising of the
initially urban (and subsequently
metropolitan) Saint Petersburg
agglomeration in the 1703–1720s on the
basis of the drastic functional alterations of
the rural resettlement scheme that had existed
here over the centuries. The main approach to
the problem was a comprehensive city-
planning, functional and landscape analysis
based on the examination of historical
cartography and archival documents.
Principal study results include the findings
that a purposeful deliberate creation of the
‘’regular” metropolitan Saint Petersburg
agglomeration on the orders of Peter the
Great was conducted on the basis of the
already existed rural resettlement scheme
merging historically Russian territories and,
1
Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
2
Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
partly, newly conquered in 1702–1709). In
the 1703–1720s it went through three phases
of the primary formation, and spatial
development of the governorate and
agglomeration outpaced emergence and
crystallization of their single center. Future
single center of the agglomeration and the
center of the governorate, Saint Petersburg,
developed with a chronological gap with the
territories development. Thus, in the case of
Saint Petersburg agglomeration, first of all
territories, their nodes and routes were
formed by the administrative order, and only
afterwards the center was formed which
integrated them. This variant of the
governorate, agglomeration and their center
formation is unconventional for the history of
agglomerations development. The data of the
article may be useful for both city-planning
historians and modern urban specialists.
Keywords: Peter the Great, Saint Petersburg
governorate, “ideal” Saint Petersburg and
“ideal” Saint Petersburg agglomeration
created on principles of regular planning and
development.
Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito
Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba
V. 9 - Nº 04 - Ano 2020
ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index
730
1. Introduction
Identifying the particularities of the
foundation, formation and development of
agglomerations in different regions of the
world is of the great historical, cultural and
city-planning interest. Studying the
mechanisms of the agglomerations’ birth and
growing-up and rising of their importance
demands considerably refined studies. Such
questions have been investigated by many
researchers in different scientific centers all
over the world. Naturally, they interlink the
problems of city-planning with the problems
of human-made landscape formation and
development in thesethe built-up areas
[1,2,3,4,5,6].
Amongsuch historical
agglomerations of special interest are those
agglomerations whose history of birth and
development deviate from the traditional
“rules”. One can mention here
unconventionality of origin and further
development of the Russian metropolitan
Saint Petersburg agglomeration with Saint
Petersburg as its historical and modern
center. Indeed, Saint Petersburgis one of the
few agglomerations with quite distinct time
frame of the birth and clearevidences of the
controllability of the development processes.
Its creators, first of all Russian tsar Peter the
Great himself and his circle elaborated it
deliberately in the framework of
implementation of the “regularity rules” so
typical of the “ideal” city-planning of the
18th century.
2. Methodological framework
Investigation on the historical
development of urban agglomerations would
be impossible without involving a wide range
of sources. In this case, historical
cartographic documents stored in several
Saint Petersburg collections, archival
documents, publications by historians
specializing in different areas of the history
of culture, development of the state system,
city-planning history. Comprehensive
parallel study of archival and historical and
cartographic documents revealed trends and
patterns of the spatial, city-planning,
functional and socio-cultural development of
not only Saint Petersburg which had been
growing since 1703, but also its outskirts
formings imultaneously in 1703–1725 within
Saint Petersburg governorate and Saint
Petersburg agglomeration.
3. Results
During the shortest, by historical
standards, period of time, from 1703 to 1724,
almost simultaneously in East Baltic, circum-
Ladoga and circum-Neva regions within the
boundaries of the newborn Saint Petersburg
governorate, a unique metropolitan Saint
Petersburg agglomeration was formed
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