O Advogado
Autor | Francesco Carnelutti |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e jurista italiano |
Páginas | 31-39 |
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Carlos Magno, que é hoje um dos melhores advogados em Milão, e que foi, naquela Universidade, um de meus discípulos mais queridos, deu-me, precisamente no dia em que deixava a cátedra de Milão pela de Roma, um belíssimo desenho a lápis do pintor Mentessi, que representa as mãos de um preso, atadas pelas algemas. Mentessi não tinha certamente uma experiência própria do problema penal; no entanto, aquele desenho demonstra a clarividência que são as intuições de um artista: uma das mãos, a esquerda, caída, inerte, em ato de desalento; a outra, sobreposta, volvida a palma para o alto, como a do pobre que demanda a carida-
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de. Está toda a psicologia do preso naquele pequeno quadro.
A minha sorte foi que vi tantas vezes, no decurso da vida, estender-se a mim aquela mão aberta, à espera da esmola. As pessoas supõem o advogado como um técnico, ao qual se pede uma obra, pois quem a solicita não seria capaz de realizar por si; supõem-no no mesmo plano do médico ou do engenheiro; também isto é verdade, porém não é toda a verdade; o resto dela se descobre, sobretudo, pela observação do preso.
O preso é, essencialmente, um necessitado. A escala dos necessitados foi traçada naquele discurso de Cristo, ao qual já tive ocasião de fazer alusão, referido no capítulo vigésimo quinto de São Mateus: famintos, sedentos, desnudos, vagabundos, enfermos, presos; uma escala que conduz da essencial necessidade física, ou melhor, animal, à necessidade essencialmente espiritual: o preso não tem necessidade de alimento nem de vestimentas, nem de casa nem de remédios; o único remédio, para ele, é a amizade. As pessoas não sabem, e nem sequer o sabem os juristas, que o que se pede ao advogado é a esmola da amizade, antes de qualquer outra coisa.
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O próprio nome do advogado soa como um grito de ajuda. Advocatus, vocatus ad, chamado a socorrer. Também o médico é chamado a socorrer; porém, somente ao advogado se dá este nome, isto é, entre a assistência do médico e a assistência do advogado existe uma diferença, a qual, não advertida pelo direito, é, entretanto, descoberta pela curiosa percepção da linguagem. Advogado é aquele ao qual se pede, em primeiro lugar, a forma essencial da ajuda, que é, propriamente, a amizade.
E também a outra palavra, cliente, que serve para denominar aquele que solicita a ajuda, reforça esta interpretação: o cliente, na sociedade romana, pedia proteção ao patrono; também ao advogado se chama de patrono, e a derivação...
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