- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- A Avaliação Da Extensão do Dano Moral Trabalhista E Formas de Reparação
4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 236-238 |
Page 236
A reparação do Dano Moral Trabalhista pode ser efetuada por dois modos: in natura ou in pecunia.
Tratando-se de dano patrimonial, a reposição do bem ou a sua reconstituição ao status quo ante, ou ainda do seu equivalente econômico são de precisa aferição. Tal correspondência é extremamente difícil no Dano Moral. A equivalência em dinheiro não redime o sofrimento, abalo da psique não apropriável economicamente.
Assim, a compensação in natura do Dano Moral trata-se de uma das mais delicadas questões não apenas no Direito do Trabalho, como em todo arcabouço jurídico. A mácula provocada nos direitos da personalidade é de difícil reparação natural. A compensação, quase sempre, não reconstitui o patrimônio imaterial danificado - restitutio in integrum - nem apaga da realidade os efeitos indesejáveis que produziu sobre a pessoa ofendida543.
Page 237
Assim, no dano moral não existe diminuição ou destruição de um bem tangível. Ele afeta a personalidade, a dignidade, a reputação, a boa fama, o conceito profissional do trabalhador na sociedade. A rigor, ele não é indenizável, mas compensável, na medida em que praticamente impossível eliminar o efeito do sofrimento à pessoa por meio do ressarcimento ou do pagamento em dinheiro (pretium doloris), vez que a dor não tem preço. Outrossim, no Dano Moral Trabalhista, o equilíbrio que foi quebrado, em decorrência do ato ilícito, invariavelmente nunca mais será restabelecido, i. e., não há como se reconstituir o status quo ante.
Portanto, a reparação in natura poderá consistir numa retratação, numa contrapublicação, numa publicação de sentença, pagamento de uma cirurgia plástica, no dano estético, enfim, ao menos em teoria, numa retroação do danificado à sua situação anterior ao dano, ou seja, trazendo o ofendido o mais possível ao status quo ante, pressuposto do princípio do restitutio in integro.
Não podemos olvidar que atualmente a compensação pecuniária é prevalecente na jurisprudência e domina nas condenações judiciais em nosso País, talvez seguindo a tendência dominante nos países mais avançados economicamente.
A compensação in pecunia ocorre mediante o pagamento da indenização, ou seja, pagamento em dinheiro, em quantia proporcional ao agravo, mas não equivalente, por ser impossível tal equivalência.
Insta lembrar os sábios ensinamento de Zannoni544, que diz "que o dano moral não é a...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- A avaliação da extensão do dano moral trabalhista e formas de reparação
- 1. A aferição do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 2. Dano moral e crime - correlação do tema no direito penal e no direito do trabalho
- 3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
- 4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 6. A dupla função da indenização
- 7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. A determinação do 'quantum satis' da indenização trabalhista
- 9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
- 10. Direito comparado
- Conclusão
- Apêndice
- Referências bibliográficas
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