Women and Politics in Mexico and Brazil
| Autor | Luis Antonio Corona Nakamura - Eneida Desiree Salgado |
| Cargo | Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil |
| Páginas | 112-134 |
Recebido em: 1º/07/2019
Revisado em: 06/08/2020
Aprovado em: 10/08/2020
http://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n85p112
Direito autoral e licença de uso: Este artigo está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons.Com essa licença você
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Women and Politics in Mexico and Brazil1
Mulheres e Política no México e no Brasil
Luis Antonio Corona Nakamura1
Eneida Desiree Salgado2
1Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Abstract: Despite advances in recognition
of women’s rights, they are still victims of
everyday violence. National and international
regulations on gender equality and the
promotion of female political participation had
a low impact on the underrepresentation of
this minority. Law produced without a share
of citizenship lacks democratic legitimacy.
Mexico and Brazil have a similar history of
excluding women from the public sphere,
but they currently have different strategies to
overcome this democratic deficit. The article,
with a descriptive methodology, presents
the history and the present situation in both
countries. We conclude that there are different
ways to increase the representation of women in
politics, but parity is a demand for justice.
Keywords: Political Rights. Gender. Parity.
Brazil. Mexico.
Resumo: Apesar dos avanços no reconheci-
mento dos direitos das mulheres, elas ainda são
vítimas de violências cotidianas. As normativas
nacionais e internacionais sobre igualdade de
gênero e promoção da participação política fe-
minina tiveram baixo impacto na sub-represen-
tação dessa minoria. O Direito produzido sem
uma parcela da cidadania carece de legitimidade
democrática. México e Brasil têm uma história
similar de exclusão das mulheres na esfera pú-
blica, mas apresentam atualmente estratégias
distintas para superar esse déficit democrático.
O artigo, com uma metodologia descritiva, apre-
senta a história e a situação atual nos dois países.
Conclui-se que há diferentes caminhos para in-
crementar a representação de mulheres na políti-
ca, mas a paridade é exigência de justiça.
Palavras-chave: Direitos Políticos. Gênero.
Paridade. Brasil. México.
1
Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.
Seqüência (Florianópolis), n. 85, p. 112-134, ago. 2020 113
Luis Antonio Corona Nakamura – Eneida Desiree Salgado
1 Introduction
The beginning of the twentieth century seemed promising for Latin
American girls and women. Female presidents, ministers, governors,
mayors, parliamentarians got space in several countries. There was also
an advance in gender public policies. Reproductive rights, equal pay,
wealth distribution, living policies on behalf of women: we lived in the
hope of better times.
The growth in the demands and policies of minority groups,
however, did not succeed in changing the social structure. On the contrary,
for some pundits, the advances caused a backlash. After two decades, the
gaze for the horizon is no longer so optimistic.
Violence against women is a characteristic of our societies. The
patriarchal mentality persists, despite the (late) recognition of women’s
rights. It is about physical, psychological, financial, and cultural violence.
In institutional politics, women who dared to face the ballot boxes
suffered a specific form of violence on their skin. Sometimes, for as many
people, doing politics costs life; other times, it costs them the position,
the reputation, the family.
Equality is far from being effective in Latin America. In societies
so crudely iniquitous, the distance between men and women is present in
all aspects. The question is more severe from a transversal perspective,
considering race and social class. In this article, we are going to analyze
a specific issue of this crack: the absence of women in the public sphere.
Our premise is that without women in decision-making, democracies lose
their legitimacy.
Embracing discussion on gender equality, we explored the strategies
to reach substantive equality, not merely formal equality. Affirmative
actions adopted, in many cases, were insufficient to achieve concrete
effects due to an intentional flaw in its construction or due to the lack of
respect for their commands by the institutions.
We defend gender parity and we use concepts such as human rights,
fundamental rights, discrimination, people in situations of vulnerability,
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