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- A Responsabilidade Dos Sócios Nas Sociedades Empresárias
- A Responsabilidade Dos Sócios no Contexto do Desenvolvimento Das Sociedades Empresárias
Uma visão local: o desenvolvimento das sociedades e a contextualização da responsabilidade dos sócios
Autor | Fernando Schwarz Gaggini |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e professor universitário. Pós-graduado/especialista em Direito Mobiliário (Mercado de Capitais) e Mestre em Direito Comercial pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 56-58 |
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No processo histórico de modelagem dos tipos societários comerciais, o Brasil partiu de ponto adiantado, em meados do século XIX, equiparando-se às nações estrangeiras no tratamento ao tema. Desde o início do tratamento legal próprio brasileiro se tinha a concepção da importância da existência de diferentes tipos societários com diferentes graus de risco. Logo, o Código Comer-cial previa quatro tipos societários distintos (além da sociedade em
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conta de participação, como tipo "sui generis", por não se destinar ao exercício direto da atividade), dentre eles, inclusive, a sociedade anônima, com a concepção da limitação de responsabilidade do acionista pelas dívidas sociais15, aspecto essencial que permite a concentração de capitais característica de uma sociedade anônima.
Não obstante esse tratamento ter se iniciado já em meados do século XIX, também no Brasil o fator "risco" acabou sendo fundamental na consolidação dos tipos societários.
Quando da positivação consolidada do direito comercial, em 1850, eram muito nítidos os dois extremos oferecidos pelo legislador: de um lado, as sociedades comerciais, previstas entre os artigos 300 a 353, tendo por característica em comum a contratualidade e a atribuição de risco ilimitado a todos, ou parte dos sócios, de acordo com o tipo; de outro, as companhias, cuja constituição era condicionada a autorização governamental, mas atribuía aos acionistas, em geral, a limitação de risco ao valor das ações.
O reconhecimento da importância da limitação de responsabilidade patrimonial aos sócios, para o desenvolvimento do país, fez com que esses parâmetros iniciais fossem sendo flexibilizados ao longo do tempo. A princípio, com a diminuição do rigor em relação à constituição das companhias, com o abandono do sistema de autorização governamental, mas, em especial, com a criação, em 1919, da...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- A Responsabilidade dos Sócios nas Sociedades Empresárias
- A Responsabilidade dos Sócios no Contexto do Desenvolvimento das Sociedades Empresárias
- Uma visão geral: a construção das sociedades empresárias e a influência da responsabilidade dos sócios
- Uma visão local: o desenvolvimento das sociedades e a contextualização da responsabilidade dos sócios
- Abordagem crítica quanto à adequação dos atuais tipos societários brasileiros
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