Um Supremo socialmente seletivo?
Autor | Juliana Cesario Alvim Gomes |
Páginas | 299-301 |
Page 299
A atuação do Supremo sobre direitos de minorias sofre de um paradoxo: de um lado, o tribunal julgou relevantes casos relativos a direitos de grupos minoritários, como as ações airmativas de cunho racial, as uniões homoafetivas e o aborto de fetos anencefálicos. De outro, contudo, nenhum destes casos foi levado ao Supremo pelas próprias minorias interessadas. Foram sempre outros atores - um partido político, um governador de Estado e a Procura-doria-Geral da República, e a Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Saúde, respectivamente. Em vez de levarem a própria voz e as próprias causas ao Supremo, os movimentos sociais precisaram "mascarar" seus pleitos dentro das regras do processo constitucional. Silenciados por essas regras, falavam por meio de outros atores.
É inegável que, mesmo nesse cenário, nesses e em outros casos, movimentos sociais têm conseguido vitórias importantes por meio da jurisdição constitucional.
Entretanto, até para as histórias de sucesso, o acesso limitado e seletivo à Corte produz efeitos negativos: perda de seu protagonismo, restrição de seus argumentos, sujeição de suas causas a composição e barganhas com seus "representantes" oiciais. Isso sem falar nas demandas que chegam à Corte sem qualquer respaldo de seus principais interessados ou que sequer alcançam a jurisdição constitucional.
É preciso repensar e viabilizar o acesso dos movimentos sociais ao Supremo.
Há, contudo, objeções instantâneas de duas ordens a essa pretensão. De um lado, argumentos relativos à lógica contramajoritária da Corte, que ensejaria uma "blindagem social" do Judiciário. De outro,
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são levantadas razões relativas à carga de trabalho dos ministros. A necessidade de insulamento judicial e a sobrecarga de processos procuram, por caminhos diferentes, justiicar um fechamento social da jurisdição constitucional.
Tais argumentos, porém, desviam o foco da discussão. Insinuam que o acesso ao Supremo por parte dos movimentos sociais demandaria reformas profundas em sua estrutura, sem levar em conta os canais que existem atualmente. Desconsideram, portanto, a necessidade de se discutir - para além da ampliação da abertura social do Supremo - a distribuição pouco equânime do acesso ao tribunal. Hoje o acesso ao Supremo é tão permeável quanto socialmente seletivo.
Atores corporativos com forte inluência política e econômica têm acesso franqueado à jurisdição constitucional para defender seus interesses. E valem-se com maior...
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