Um Estado de Exceção Fiscal?
Autor | Melina Rocha Lukic |
Páginas | 151-152 |
Page 151
Pode o governo do Rio Grande do Sul parcelar o pagamento de seus servidores? Na semana passada, o Supremo começou a enfrentar essa questão. Começou a decidir se suspende liminares, concedidas pelo TJ-RS, que vedam o parcelamento e impõem multa diária em caso de descumprimento. Paralelamente às discussões técnicas quanto ao caráter alimentar dos salários e quanto à possibili-dade de multa diária, quase todos os ministros levantaram a questão da impossibilidade de pagamento das verbas tendo em vista a situação inanceira do Estado. Quaisquer que sejam os outros argumentos técnicos, esta circunstância torna o caso difícil: ou o Estado opta pelo pagamento dos salários, cumprindo assim os preceitos da Constituição Federal e Estadual; ou cumpre o pagamento da dívida perante a União.
As duas hipóteses têm consequências. O pagamento parcelado dos salários adiaria o cumprimento de um dever de natureza alimentar, deixando "o servidor às portas da miserabilidade", nas palavras do ministro Ricardo Lewandowski. Mas o não pagamento da dívida perante a União ensejaria o bloqueio automático das contas do governo, o que poderia trazer consequências ainda mais graves à manutenção das funções e despesas públicas e até mesmo impossibilitar o pagamento futuro destes mesmos salários.
Em divergência dos demais, o ministro Gilmar Mendes levantou questão interessante. Airmou que a aplicação do art. 35 da Constituição Estadual, que determina o pagamento do salário até o último dia de cada mês, pressupõe um estado de normalidade das contas públicas. Não é o que ocorreria no caso em discussão, já que o Estado não dispõe de recursos inanceiros para pagar seus funcionários e, por
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isso mesmo, optou pelo parcelamento. A aplicação da lei deveria ser imposta somente em períodos normais e dentro das possibilidades fáticas; sobre fatos que não se poderia prever, torna-se esta inaplicável. Se o Estado demonstrasse que fez tudo a seu dispor para cumprir com o pagamento dos salários, mas mesmo assim está impossibilitado de fazê-lo, não haveria como justiicar a determinação de que faça o pagamento em dia, nem muito menos que se aplique multa no caso de descumprimento.
O voto do ministro Gilmar Mendes autorizaria um "estado de exceção...
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