O teto de vidro do Supremo
Autor | Thomaz Pereira |
Páginas | 189-191 |
Page 189
Só agora o Supremo decidiu que, desde a promulgação da Constituição (1988), "vantagens pessoais ou de qualquer outra natureza" não deveriam escapar do teto remuneratório do funcionalismo público nacional. Ou seja, a partir da decisão, esse tipo de "penduricalho" não poderá mais ser usado para fugir do limite máximo, mas quem recebeu acima do teto até então o fez de boa-fé e não precisa restituir aquilo que recebeu em violação à Constituição.
Com isso, mais uma vez, o Supremo anuncia com grandiloquência uma decisão que chega atrasada, altera pouco, legitima muito e pouco contribui para de fato garantir que o teto constitucional seja efetivamente respeitado daqui para a frente.
O atraso, ao menos, foi claramente reconhecido. Para o minis-tro Teori Zavascki, "chegou a hora de pôr ponto inal no Brasil nessa questão do teto. (...) Está na hora de a sociedade brasileira respeitar a Constituição".
Mas para além de frases de efeito, o que o Supremo tem feito nesse sentido? Muito pouco.
Parece haver consenso no Tribunal de que o problema hoje está nas "verbas indenizatórias". Uma categoria formalmente excluída do teto remuneratório - ainal, indenização não é remuneração - mas que, na prática, tem sido utilizada para se descumprir a Constituição. A ministra Cármen Lúcia foi didática: "indenizar é tornar indene" e "se não houve dano, não há indenização". Mas como os ministros bem sabem, essa é uma lição que a administração pública, inclusive a magistratura, está cansada de ignorar.
Page 190
A briga pela inclusão das vantagens pessoais no teto remuneratório é antiga. Na verdade, em seu conteúdo, a decisão do Supremo não faz nada mais do que airmar o que duas emendas constitucionais diferentes - EC 19/1998 e EC 41/2003 - já haviam tentado resolver por meio de declarações expressas no texto da Constituição. Por isso, não é coincidência que adicionais, antes distribuídos a título de "vantagens pessoais", há muito passaram para a rubrica de "verbas indenizatórias". Na prática, indeniza-se assim danos que ninguém sofreu. Essa questão, apesar de reconhecida pelos ministros do Supremo, icou de fora da decisão de hoje, que entendeu não poder decidir sobre algo que extrapola o objeto do recurso julgado.
Mas se algo tão estrutural icou de fora, o que pode fazer o Supremo para resolver esse problema?
Como bem airmou o ministro Gilmar Mendes, qualquer solução requer, antes de tudo, que o Supremo faça uma "profunda autocrítica" e reconheça o "mau...
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