Supremo oscilante
Autor | Pedro Cantisano |
Páginas | 75-77 |
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A jurisprudência oscilante do Supremo não é algo novo. É uma herança de muitos anos, e não sabemos se continuará assim. O ministro Marco Aurélio disse certa vez que não tem compromisso com seus erros . Essa é uma defesa recente para um problema antigo - mudanças, às vezes abruptas, de posição de ministros do Supremo sobre as mesmas questões ao longo do tempo.
Críticas públicas a esse fenômeno são quase tão antigas quanto o tribunal em si. Em julho de 1904, por exemplo, o jornal A Notícia publicou uma coluna intitulada "Jurisprudência Oscilante". Em menos de uma semana, o Supremo havia proferido decisões diametralmente opostas.
Nos últimos anos, os votos dos ministros do Supremo foram várias vezes criticados sob a ótica da consistência com o passado. Não é surpresa que vários de seus integrantes tenham procurado enfatizar, na recente decisão sobre o rito do impeachment, o quanto seus votos seriam apenas uma reiteração do que já havia sido decidido e aplicado no caso Collor, em 1992. Na verdade, mesmo se a preocupação dos ministros for recente, a inconsistência em si - e sua crítica pública - não é novidade na história do Supremo. Há mais de um século, as contradições do tribunal - criado pela primeira Constituição republicana, de 1891 - já estampavam as manchetes dos jornais.
Os casos em questão diziam respeito ao ambicioso projeto de reformas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, então Distrito Federal. Assim como hoje, o Rio passava por transformações rápidas que, muitas vezes, atropelavam direitos e garantias constitucionais. Em maio de 1904, o prefeito Pereira Passos havia aprovado o plano de melhoria do
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Largo da Carioca, que previa a desapropriação e demolição de vários prédios. Insatisfeitos, os proprietários foram à Justiça Federal, que se negou a ouvir os pedidos de manutenção de posse. Agora, no início de julho, o Supremo deveria decidir se a Justiça Federal era competente e se deveria ou não conceder a manutenção, freando o ímpeto demo-lidor do prefeito. Interesses políticos e econômicos estavam em jogo. O projeto de reformas era um símbolo da modernização do país e, ao mesmo tempo, uma imensa fonte de lucros para empresários nacionais e estrangeiros.
Entretanto, a certeza necessária à condução dos negócios foi por água abaixo devido a uma regra sobre a composição do tribunal.
Um decreto de 1902 exigia que os casos fossem decididos por pelo menos 10 juízes. Quando havia impedimento ou ausência de ministros, a praxe era...
Para continuar a ler
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