Sucessão de Empresas
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sônia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 273-276 |
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Sucessão de empresas significa mudança na propriedade da empresa.
A expressão sucessão de empresas, no sentido estrito, designa todo acontecimento em virtude do qual uma empresa é absorvida por outra, o que ocorre nos casos de incorporação, transformação e fusão. Incorporação é a operação pela qual uma ou mais empresas são absorvidas por outra, que lhes sucede em todos os direitos e obrigações, comerciais, fiscais ou trabalhistas. Transformação é a operação pela qual uma sociedade passa de uma espécie para outra. Fusão é a operação pela qual se unem duas ou mais sociedades para formar uma sociedade nova.
Ocorre também sucessão de empresa, e este é o sentido amplo do vocábulo, quando da alienação da empresa para outro empresário. A rigor, não é adequado falar nesse caso em sucessão de empresa. A empresa continua a existir normalmente, não foi sucedida, substituída por outra. O seu ou seus titulares, sim. Houve modificação de propriedade. Porém, convencionou o nosso direito que também esse acontecimento deve ser denominado sucessão de empresas. A aquisição da empresa pelo novo titular, portanto, é a sua nota característica.
Lembre-se de que os modos de aquisição da propriedade no direito são diversos (transcrição, acessão, usucapião e sucessão), e os modos de perda da propriedade também são muitos (alienação, renúncia, abandono, desapropriação etc.). Tem admitido a doutrina a sucessão de empresa, mesmo quando apenas há a alienação de um dos seus estabelecimentos. Verifica-se, portanto, a modificação de titular em relação aos empregados, cujo estabelecimento (filial, agência etc.) passa a pertencer a novo empresário, incorporando-se, nessas condições, a uma empresa nova ou passando a constituir, por si, uma empresa. Portanto, não só com o traspasse de toda a organização, mas de parte dela também, configura-se a sucessão, no sentido trabalhista.
Funda-se essa proteção no princípio da continuidade do contrato de trabalho, cujo corolário é o direito ao emprego, como também no princípio da despersonalização do empregador, ou seja, na perfeita distinção que se faz entre empresário e empresa, para vincular os contratos de
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trabalho com esta e não com aquele. Com efeito, empregador é empresa, diz a lei (art. 2º da CLT), e não os seus titulares. Os contratos de trabalho são mantidos com a organização de...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Iniciação ao Direito do Trabalho 2018
- Terceira Parte
- Contratos de Trabalho e Relações de Trabalho
- Conceito de Empregado
- Tipos Especiais de Empregado
- Trabalho da Mulher
- Trabalho do Menor
- Profissões com Normas Especiais
- Trabalho Rural
- Conceito de Empregador
- Grupo de Empresas
- Poder de Direção do Empregador
- Sucessão de Empresas
- Alteração na Estrutura Jurídica da Empresa
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