Por que só maconha?
Autor | Diego Werneck Arguelhes, Fernando Leal |
Páginas | 331-333 |
Page 331
Na sessão da última quinta-feira, os ministros divergiram quanto ao alcance da decisão: descriminalização da maconha ou do uso de drogas em geral? De um lado, com posição mais ampla, o ministro Gilmar Mendes, relator do caso. De outro, os ministros Luis Roberto Barroso e Luíz Edson Fachin, focando exclusivamente na descriminalização da maconha.
O caso concreto envolvia maconha - mas a tese proposta para a repercussão geral até ali já tratava de drogas em geral. Na semana passada, aliás, o tribunal decidiu que a desistência da parte no caso concreto não impede o julgamento da tese da repercussão geral. Nenhuma regra processual, portanto, forçava os ministros a escolher um dos caminhos. "Focar no caso concreto" é em si a escolha a ser justiicada, e não uma justiicativa. Como Fachin e Barroso justiicaram a atitude restritiva?
Debatendo com Mendes, Barroso explicou que, em contraste com a maconha, não tinha informações sobre drogas como o crack. Tal posição poderia talvez ser lida como justiicativa para autocontenção ou minimalismo judicial - um exercício de prudência e modéstia de um juiz que reconhece as limitações do seu conhecimento sobre determinado aspecto da vida social, e que por isso quer dar um passo de cada vez. Poderia também ser expressão de respeito a escolhas políticas e técnicas feitas pelos outros poderes.
Entretanto, falta de informação sobre a realidade não é argumento suiciente para o Supremo não decidir sobre um tema. Ao menos não dessa forma - e não para uma questão fática sobre a qual há conhecimento técnico ou cientíico relevante.
Page 332
Caso contrário, na prática, acabaríamos por excluir da alçada do Supremo todos os temas com os quais os ministros não tiveram contato direto em sua vida pessoal e proissional. Temas cuja solução, apesar de seus aspectos jurídicos, dependem também de informações empíricas sobre o funcionamento do mundo. Qual contato têm os ministros com o mercado de pneus no Mercosul? Com os aspectos técnicos de telecomunicações, do uso de amianto em construções, da interrupção da gravidez de fetos com anencefalia ou de pesquisas com células-tronco? Até serem forçados a decidir, os ministros provavelmente nunca tinham pensado a respeito destas questões. Mas uma vez provocados a decidir, precisaram se informar.
O crack não é diferente da maconha nesse aspecto, pois não se espera do ministro que decida com as informações que já possua sobre tais temas - informações que, aliás, podem ser...
Para continuar a ler
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