O sindicalismo após a Constituição Federal de 1988
Autor | James Magno Araújo Farias |
Ocupação do Autor | Desembargador do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 16ª Região/MA; Presidente (2016/2017); Corregedor Regional (2014/2015) |
Páginas | 118-119 |
Page 118
A Constituição Federal de 1988 estabeleceu as bases para a transição jurídica do antigo sistema intervencionista para um regime de liberdade sindical. O art. 8º, I, da Carta de 1988 diz que a lei não poderá exigir autorização do Estado para a fundação de sindicato, ressalvado o registro no órgão competente, vedadas ao Poder Público a interferência e a intervenção na organização sindical.
O advento da Carta Cidadã trouxe liberdade ao sindicalismo, mas essa liberdade sindical, embora ampla, não é, porém, irrestrita. A própria exigência da unicidade sindical limita a capacidade de criação e expansão dos sindicatos brasileiros. A proibição de interferência (atuação externa) e de intervenção (atuação interna) estatais revogou uma série de art.s da CLT, todos no sentido de presença fiscalizatória dentro da organização sindical. O ideal seria a ratificação da Convenção 87 da OIT, que, dentre várias outras disposições, garante o direito de escolha à unidade ou pluralidade sindical.
A Carta de 1988 garante o direito de ninguém ser obrigado a filiar-se ou a manter-se filiado a sindicato. Reprime-se, assim, no Brasil, formas alienígenas de tratamento ao sindicalismo, como o "closed shop", "union shop", "agency shop" e "yellow dog contract".186
Na "closed shop", é exigida a filiação ao sindicato como requisito para admissão no emprego. Na "union shop", para continuar no emprego deve o trabalhador filiar-se a um sindicato. Na "agency shop" não se exige a sindicalização, mas o trabalhador deve obrigatoriamente contribuir para o sindicato. O "yellow dog contract" obriga o trabalhador a não sindicalizar-se como condição para ser admitido no emprego. Na França existe a ‘mise à l’index’, lista na qual são incluídos os trabalhadores não filiados ao sindicatos.187
O sistema brasileiro de liberdade sindical aproxima-se mais da ideia da ‘open shop’, onde a empresa fica aberta aos empregados não sindicalizados.
A unicidade sindical está prevista no inciso II do art. 8º, que veda a criação de mais de uma organização sindical, em qualquer grau, representativa de categoria profissional ou econômica, na mesma base territorial, que será definida pelos trabalhadores ou empregadores interessados, não podendo ser inferior à área de um Município. Revogado então parte do art. 517 da CLT, que permitia sindicatos distritais, prevalecendo a possibilidade de o sindicato ser municipal, intermunicipal, estadual, interestadual e até nacional.
Page 119
A Constituição...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito Constitucional do Trabalho
- Direito do trabalho coletivo
- A formação histórica do sindicalismo
- O sindicalismo após a Constituição Federal de 1988
- Natureza do Sindicato
- Patrimônio do Sindicato
- Contribuições para a entidade Sindical
- Número legal de dirigentes Sindicais
- Da negociação coletiva: Convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho
- Direito de greve
- Comissões de conciliação prévia
- Legislar, flexibilizar ou reduzir direitos para garantir empregos?
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