Seguridade como Princípio Social
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sônia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 618-619 |
Page 618
O espanholismo seria dispensável, porque em nosso vocabulário há a palavra própria, que é “segurança”. No entanto, a Constituição Federal de 1988 (Capítulo II, Título VIII) dispõe que a ordem social tem como base o primado do trabalho, e como objetivo o bem-estar e a justiça social, por meio de um conjunto de ações, dentre as quais a “seguridade social”. Fica, assim, acolhida a referida expressão em nossa ordem jurídica e, por tal motivo, é aqui usada.
A seguridade social cresceu em diversos países. Nos Estados Unidos da América, foi promulgado o Social Security Act (1935), lei destinada a promover a assistência às pessoas desempregadas, na velhice, e em face da morte. A Nova Zelândia (1938) legislou sobre proteção a toda população, implantando o seguro social e não mais o seguro privado. A França tem leis sobre securité sociale, a Alemanha sobre versichesungsrecht, a Itália sobre sincurezza sociale e a Espanha sobre seguridad social.
O princípio da seguridade social tem uma dimensão internacional. A Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão (1948) da Organização das Nações Unidas defende a ideia de que todo homem tem direito à proteção. As origens mais remotas que viriam influir na evolução da ideia estão no “Plano Beveridge”, e na doutrina anglo-saxônica de segurança social, em Simon Bolívar e os seus ideais voltados para a união e no desenvolvimento da assistência social e da previdência social, concretizando-se inúmeros tratados internacionais, bilaterais quando entre dois países e multilaterais quando celebrados entre diversos países, sobre reciprocidade de tratamento previdenciário.
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O Acordo Multilateral de Seguridade Social do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosur/CMC/Decreto n. 19/97) estabelece normas sobre as relações de seguridade social entre os países-membros da comunidade, no sentido da reciprocidade de tratamento previdenciário entre os signatários.
O Tratado de Versalhes (1919), pelo qual foi criada a OIT — Organização Internacional do Trabalho, dedicou atenção ao tema. A mesma Organização aprovou Convenções Internacionais dispondo sobre acidentes na agricultura (1919), acidente de trabalho e doenças profissionais (1925), seguro-enfermidade (1927) etc. Em...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Iniciação ao Direito do Trabalho 2018
- Décima Terceira Parte
- Evolução Histórica
- Do Seguro Privado para o Seguro Social. A Assistência, a Previdência e a Seguridade Social
- Seguridade como Princípio Social
- Características Gerais
- Custeio do Sistema
- Beneficiários da Previdência Social
- Benefícios da Previdência Social
- Acidentes do Trabalho: Caracterização e Responsabilidades
- Bibliografía
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