A responsabilidade ilimitada dos sócios da sociedade limitada pelos débitos sociais
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Prive Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Universitá degli Studi di Milano |
A sociedade limitada (art. 1052 e ss. NCC) criada com natureza capitalista, sob o ponto de vista do direito societário, quando visa limitar a responsabilidade dos sócios, passa a ser transformada numa sociedade pessoal, sob o ponto de vista de outras legislações, com a retirada dos limites da responsabilidade dos sócios pelo pagamento dos débitos contraídos pela sociedade. Dessa forma, pretendemos abordar a questão ligada a responsabilidade dos sócios, independentemente de eles serem ou não dirigentes da sociedade fora do direito societário. Os sócios ao constituírem a sociedade sob a forma limitada, baseados no direito societário limitam sua responsabilidade aos aportes que realizam para a formação do capital social e assim pensam que estão de forma absoluta limitando sua responsabilidade pelo pagamento dos débitos sociais, desde que não pratiquem atos com excesso de mandato, violação da lei ou do contrato social. Essa solução na verdade é neutralizada estrategicamente e pela aplicação da teoria da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica. Com isso, a responsabilidade dos sócios não será mais limitada a realização dos aportes que foram realizados para formar o capital social e será ilimitada, ou seja, os bens particulares dos sócios responderão pelas dívidas contraídas pela sociedade até o limite de seus bens e não do capital social. Estrategicamente, os bancos ao concederem um empréstimo para a sociedade pedem para que seus sócios garantam o pagamento do crédito não somente com os bens da sociedade, mas também com seus bens particulares, ou seja, não somente os bens da sociedade irão responder pelos débitos contraídos pela sociedade, mas os bens particulares que foram oferecidos espontaneamente pelos sócios. Através da aplicação da teoria da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, a figura da pessoa jurídica...
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