Responsabilidade da contratante, da contratada e dos respectivos sócios
Autor | Francisco Meton Marques De Lima/Francisco Péricles Rodrigues Marques De Lima |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Titular da UFPI/Auditor-Fiscal do Trabalho |
Páginas | 52-54 |
Page 52
O Código Civil fixa nos arts. 186 e 927 as obrigações civis.
Art. 186. Aquele que, por ação ou omissão voluntária, negligência ou imprudência, violar direito e causar dano a outrem, ainda que exclusivamente moral, comete ato ilícito.
Art. 927. Aquele que, por ato ilícito (arts. 186 e 187), causar dano a outrem, fica obrigado a repará-lo.
Parágrafo único. Haverá obrigação de reparar o dano, independentemente de culpa, nos casos especificados em lei, ou quando a atividade normalmente desenvolvida pelo autor do dano implicar, por sua natureza, risco para os direitos de outrem.
O art. 186 e o caput do 927 tratam da responsabilidade subjetiva, com culpa. O parágrafo do art. 927 trata de responsabilidade objetiva, decorrente da atividade exercida.
Aquele que se beneficiou do trabalho de alguém deve ser o fiador final das obrigações trabalhistas. A regra deve ser da contratação direta. A contratação indireta deve ser exceção, decorrente da opção da contratante. E como tudo tem seu preço, este é o risco.
Pois bem. Se a empregadora do trabalhador não tiver recursos para saldar os direitos trabalhistas dos seus empregados, será responsabilizada a tomadora dos serviços e a contratante; e na falta de capacidade de pagamento das empresas, respondem os bens particulares dos sócios, cf. art. 1.023 do Código Civil.
Até porque a empresa contratada poderá ser formalizada com tão pouco capital (de R$ 10.000,00 a R$ 250.000,00) para dar suporte a tantos encargos. Por exemplo, uma empresa prestadora de serviço poderá possuir capital de apenas R$ 250.000,00 e disponibilizar 5.000 obreiros para serviços terceirizados, um lastro de apenas R$ 50,00 por empregado. Onde a garantia dos operários?
Este é o princípio geral, à sombra do qual se haverá de evoluir para albergar outras situações ainda não contempladas na lei e na jurisprudência, como as obrigações do franqueado, que, em última instância, está dando lucro ao franqueador. Afinal, este não pode ser beneficiário final da franquia sem riscos pelo empreendimento. Pelo menos, não se diga que, em tese, a hipótese não é aceitável; mas admita-se que, em casos tópicos, possa ser admissível.
As obrigações interempresariais na relação de terceirização se regem pelo Direito Comum; as obrigações trabalhistas entre o trabalhador na...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Terceirização Total. Entenda Ponto por Ponto
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- As leis e outros normativos da terceirização
- Sinopse dos conceitos básicos da terceirização
- Questões iniciais sobre as quais se deve refletir
- Problemas conceituais
- Outsourcing ou terceirização
- Trabalho temporário
- Vigilância e transporte de valores
- Diferenças básicas entre trabalho temporário e prestação de serviços
- Terceirização pela via da lei do bem - n. 11.196/2005 - Trabalho intelectual, inclusive o de natureza científica, artística ou cultural
- Terceirização ilícita e limites da terceirização
- Terceirização no setor público
- Responsabilidade da contratante, da contratada e dos respectivos sócios
- Dez pontos positivos da terceirização total
- As 25 consequências negativas da franca terceirização
- Comentários ponto por ponto da Lei n. 6.019/1974, alterada pelas Leis ns. 13.429, de 31.3.2017 e 13.467 de 13.7.2017
- Regras de direito intertemporal
- Bibliografía
- Obras dos Autores
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