A previdência e as gerações de direitos
Autor | Bruno Sá Freire Martins |
Ocupação do Autor | Servidor Público efetivo do Estado de Mato Grosso |
Páginas | 22-23 |
Page 22
Os direitos fundamentais são classificados em gerações de acordo com o momento de seu surgimento ou mesmo de seu reconhecimento no âmbito constitucional.
Hoje, tradicionalmente, essa classificação ainda divide-se em três gerações, apesar de existirem defensores da existência da quarta e da quinta.
A primeira caracteriza-se pelos direitos garantidores do princípio da liberdade, cujos maiores expoentes são os direitos civis e políticos, à medida que estes impuseram ao Estado, ao longo da história, a abstenção e a não interferência naquelas situações onde as decisões e ações do cidadão encontrarem-se apenas no âmbito de sua autodeterminação.
Já os direitos de segunda geração identificam-se com as liberdades positivas, reais ou concretas, e acentuam o princípio da igualdade entre os homens (igualdade material). São os direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais.10
No final do século XX, a busca pelo resgate do teor humanístico oriundo da tomada de consciência de um mundo partido entre nações desenvolvidas e subdesenvolvidas teria sido um elemento importante para o pensar de uma nova geração de direitos fundamentais, uma terceira geração de direitos (dimensão). Em uma leitura ainda mais expandida, enxerga como destinatário todo o gênero humano (presente e futuro), como um todo conectado, de modo que se fundamentaria no princípio da fraternidade (ou segundo alguns, no da solidariedade).11
A necessidade do resgate humanístico motivadora do surgimento da nova geração de direitos está umbilicalmente ligada ao momento histórico vivido pela comunidade mundial, quando o capital preponderava sobre o humano, onde primeiro se pensava no lucro depois na pessoa, preceitos estes basilares, por exemplo, na chamada Revolução Industrial.
Os habitantes do planeta naquele momento, não mais suportavam a preponderância do capital sobre o humano, passando a exigir que o Estado deixasse de lado o pensamento financeiro e incorporasse a necessidade de busca do bem-estar dos seus integrantes, o que somente se concretizaria por intermédio da criação de políticas voltadas para o social, baseadas na solidariedade ou na fraternidade entre os povos.
A importância da expressão bem-estar pode ser medida pela expressividade de seu teor na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos:
Artigo XXV. Todo homem tem direito a um padrão de vida capaz de assegurar a si e à sua família saúde e bem-estar, inclusive alimentação, vestuário, habitação, cuidados médicos e os serviços...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Direito constitucional previdenciário do servidor público 2018
- Introdução
- Previdência como norma materialmente constitucional
- A previdência e as gerações de direitos
- Conceito e organização da previdência social brasileira
- Síntese histórica
- Princípios constitucionais da previdência do servidor
- Os filiados ao regime próprio
- Os benefícios previdenciários
- A aposentadoria
- Os proventos
- As contribuições previdenciárias
- Previdência dos militares
- Previdência complementar
- Desaposentação
- Considerações finais
- Referências bibliográficas
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