Penal protection of the environment as constitutional human right

AutorLuiz Gustavo Gonçalves Ribeiro - Romeu Thomé
CargoJuris Doctor at the Università degli Studi di Messina, Itália. Juris Doctor and Master of Laws at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Professor of the Graduation and Master program of the Escola Superior Dom Helder Câmara. State prosecutor in Belo Horizonte-MG. Email: lgribeirobh@gmail.com - Juris Doctor at the Pontifícia ...
Páginas33-71
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Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.14 n.28 p.33-71 Janeiro/Abril de 2017
PENAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
AS CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN RIGHT
Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves Ribeiro
Juris Doctor at the Università degli Studi di Messina, Itália.
Juris Doctor and Master of Laws at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Professor of the Graduation and Master program of the
Escola Superior Dom Helder Câmara.
State prosecutor in Belo Horizonte-MG.
Email: lgribeirobh@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The environment, today consecrated doctrinally as human right of third ge-
neration and covered with constitutional provisions that elevate the status of
fundamental rights in the context of different countries, it is legal right able to
be effectively supervised by the penal law, however, lacks changes in its se-
cular individualist dogmatic to defend a right that is at once individual and di-
ffuse. The text includes, under the logical-deductive reasoning and literature,
the guarantee of the environment through penal law and makes proposals for
better environmental protection, corresponding to them, in addition to [tness]
more appropriate penal standards, the establishment of a Court competent in-
ternational for penal demands related to environment and assumption of penal
liability of legal persons. It is recognized, environmentally, a true constitutio-
nal strain assurance, not only diffuse, but also individual as directly related to
the quality of life of each being and that triggered, in recent decades, the con-
secration of international and constitutional documents effective protection.
Keywords: Environment; penal protection; fundamental human right.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v14i28.1014
Romeu Thomé
Juris Doctor at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas).
Master of Laws at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Professor dos cursos de Graduação e Mestrado da Escola Superior Dom Helder Câmara.
Advogado.
Email: romeuprof@hotmail.com
PENAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AS CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN RIGHT
34 Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.14 n.28 p.33-71 Janeiro/Abril de 2017
CRIMINAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
AS HUMAN RIGHT CONSTITUTIONAL
RESUMO
O meio ambiente, hoje consagrado doutrinariamente como direito humano
de terceira geração e contemplado com disposições constitucionais que o
elevam à condição de direito fundamental no âmbito de diversos países, é
bem jurídico apto a ser efetivamente tutelado pelo direito penal que, todavia,
carece de modicações em sua dogmática individualista secular para a defesa
de um direito que é, a um só tempo, individual e difuso. O texto contempla,
sob o raciocínio lógico-dedutivo e com pesquisa bibliográca, a garantia
do meio ambiente pelo direito penal e apresenta propostas para a melhor
tutela ambiental, correspondendo elas, para além da aptidão de normas
penais mais adequadas, à criação de um Tribunal Internacional competente
para as demandas penais relacionadas ao meio ambiente e à assunção da
responsabilidade penal das pessoas jurídicas. Reconhece-se, no ambiente,
uma verdadeira garantia de estirpe constitucional, não apenas difusa, mas
também individual já que diretamente relacionado à qualidade de vida de
cada um dos seres e que desencadeou, nas últimas décadas, a consagração de
documentos internacionais e constitucionais de efetiva tutela.
Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; proteção penal; direito humano
fundamental.
Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves Ribeiro & Romeu Thomé
35
Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.14 n.28 p.33-71 Janeiro/Abril de 2017
INTRODUCTION
The multiple reasons why men and companies attack the
environment have guided the reasoning of a text that, considering the
ecologically balanced environment as essential to the lives of the present
and future generations, claims for penal intervention for the protection of
the legal good of such magnitude.
The ultima ratio character of the penal law means that its object
of protection are only the juridical assets of the highest value, those that
due to their legal dignity claim not only for the legal protection, but also
the legal-penal protection.
Thus, the construction begins by supporting the reasons why the
environment is a juridical asset that deserves the legal penal protection. As
a human right that integrates the third generation of rights, it was stated that
the environment, which is now so debased, is considered fundamental right
by a large part of modern constitutions, even when not expressly provided
for in the constitutional texts, recognized as such by the Supreme Courts,
as in Italy.
From this point on, the reasoning that leads to seeing the
environment as a human right worth of penal law protection goes through
the analysis of the notion of the legal good, its relation to the Constitution
and the promotion of the environment to the condition of relevant juridical
good, deserving the penal law guarantee and protection not only because it
is a diffuse right belonging to all, but also because of its importance for the
man considered in its individuality, which makes its condition as an object
of protection both of individual and diffuse guarantee at the same time .
However, it is known that the secular penal dogmatic is
individualist and, therefore, requires adaptations for the protection of a
legal good of such a huge peculiarity. After all, on the basis of the secular
penal law foundations there are rules and principles for the guarantee of
individual legal rights, which demand a new view of the treatment of a
peculiar property that, with legal and constitutional dignity, requires
protection by the penal law.
The study begins with the treatment of fundamental rights and
human rights in order to approach concepts, differences and historical
construction which nevertheless respected the limitations of the approach
of such a broad subject according to the text proposal .
With the established conceptual assumptions, the reasons for

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