Passos Históricos
Autor | Heráclito Antônio Mossin/Júlio César O.G. Mossin |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogados criminalistas |
Páginas | 13-17 |
Page 13
Normalmente, em decorrência de falta de registro, principal-mente nos primórdios do nascimento do direito, fica um pouco difícil se estabelecer com precisão quando surgiu determinado instituto, a exemplo do que acontece com a prescrição na área criminal.
Os dados históricos sobre a matéria que está sendo objeto de dissertação se mostram importantes, uma vez que por intermédio dele se pode avaliar qual foi a sua evolução no correr dos tempos e quais foram os resultados conseguidos de forma positiva para a sociedade.
Embora não haja escrito indicando a existência da prescrição, não se pode deixar de anotar que no Direito grego já se reconhecia que o tempo poderia levar à extinção ação penal, tendo em vista não a inércia do Estado quanto ao seu dever de punir, mas por questão de ordem processual, porquanto com o decurso do tempo tornava-se muito difícil fazer prova em torno da prática delitiva.
De se considerar que o fator processual, para alguns autores, também contribui para o alicerce do instituto da prescrição ao lado da desídia do Estado, matéria essa que será abordada e comentada no fluir desta dissertação.
O instituto da prescrição, com esta denominação, ao que consta, teve origem no Direito romano, primeiramente pela praxe judiciária1 e após foi disciplinada na lex Julia de adulteriis, do ano 18 a.C, tendo
Page 14
ulteriormente se estendido para outros delitos, como estupro, lenocínio, incesto e demais crimes, exceto o parricidium, o suppositio e o de apostasia, quando já existisse condenação2.
De início o prazo prescricional era de cinco anos para as ações públicas e por um ano nas ações privadas, tendo sido, ulteriormente, por determinação de Deocleciano, ampliado para vinte anos, quando se cuidava do crimina publica. 3Com efeito, na precisa lição lançada por Vincenzo Manzini,
(...) previsão mais antiga da prescrição penal parece ser aquela da lex Julia de adulteris (18 a.C.), pela qual a acusação de estupro, adultério ou lenocínio prescrevia em cinco anos (1.29 § 6 Dig., 48, 5). Esse tempo era o mesmo para todos os delitos punidos com base na dita lei. Também ao peculato ‘quinquennium admissum obiici nonoporte’ (1. 7 Dig., 48, 13), aplicava-se a norma da lex Julia peculatos etc. Mas talvez pode ser considerado que esse caso se tratava mais de uma decadência do direito de ação, do que verdadeira e própria prescrição.4
À luz da realidade, o instituto da prescrição ficou no esquecimento da legislação romana por mais de três séculos, só passando a ser cuidada em escrito provindo de Diocleciano e Massimiano (entre...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Prescrição em Matéria Criminal
- Prefácio
- Passos Históricos
- Direito Comparado
- Definição e Diferença com a Decadência e a Perempção
- Natureza Jurídica
- Razão da Prescrição
- Delitos Imprescritíveis
- Modalidades de Prescrição
- Prescrição Antes de Transitar em Julgado a Sentença
- Prescrição Depois de Transitar em Julgado Sentença Condenatória
- Causas Interruptivas da Prescrição
- Contagem do Prazo Prescricional
- Redução dos Prazos Prescricionais
- Concurso de Crimes e Prescrição
- Prescrição de Penas Cumulativas ou Alternativas
- Prescrição na Legislação Especial
- Prescrição da Medida de Segurança
- Prescrição de Ofício e por Provocação
- Ementário
- Referências
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