O Passado e o Futuro no Processo Penal
Autor | Francesco Carnelutti |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e jurista italiano |
Páginas | 81-89 |
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Mas por que, pois, o juiz faz história? Aquilo que aconteceu, aconteceu; factum, infectumfieri nequit, diziam uma vez; nada pode fazer o tempo voltar. Ninguém, nem mesmo Deus, disse um dia, em discussão comigo, nada menos que um doutor em religião; e a mim me pareceu uma blasfêmia, ainda quando inconsciente. Mas deixemos estar este tema porque, se volvêssemos nele, perder-se-ia o elo do discurso. Águas passadas não movem moinho; uma grande tentação emana deste provérbio: com certeza o desespero. Não há, pois, remédio para o passado? Se não fosse assim,
Page 82
porque se faria o processo penal? Uma obscura intuição tem levado sempre os homens a crer que exista um remédio. O delito é uma desordem e o processo serve para restaurar a ordem; esta é a intuição. Mas como se forma a ordem no lugar da desordem?
A verdade intuída é que o remédio para o passado está no futuro. Não outra coisa que esta verdade intuída guia os homens a reconstruir a história. Em algum tempo, esta intuição tinha encontrado sua fórmula, quando se dizia que a história é mestra da vida. Atualmente, não se diz mais; e parece um passo adiante no caminho do saber. Também o caminho do saber, como todos os caminhos que conduzem ao alto, tem seus falsos planos e seus trajetos em declive; é certo que tendo perdido, por assim dizer, o contato entre passado e futuro, temos nos afastado mais do que aproximado do alto. Quiçá um dos caracteres da crise é precisamente este, que denominaria o desinteresse pelo futuro. Inclusive existiu um filósofo, venerado pelos italianos e não somente por eles, que negou ao homem a possibilidade de prever. Poucas responsabilidades da filosofia são mais graves que esta. A cegueira destes pretendidos condutores de homens, os quais não sabem que o único problema do homem é o problema do futuro,
Page 83
faz vir à mente as palavras do Evangelho: “como pode um cego guiar outro cego sem que um ou outro se precipitem num fosso?” O homem não tem outro modo para resolver o problema do futuro a não ser o de olhar o passado; somente a contemplação do passado pode permitir-lhe captar, como em um espelho, o segredo do futuro. Se estes tivessem sabido desmontar, como faz um mecânico com uma máquina, o prodigioso mecanismo do pensamento, teriam compreendido, ao menos, qual é a virtude da memória, guardiã do passado, desde a qual a inteligência inicia o voo até o futuro.
De qualquer maneira que seja, se há um passado que se reconstrói para fazer dele a...
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