Parcialidade do Defensor
Autor | Francesco Carnelutti |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado e jurista italiano |
Páginas | 51-59 |
Page 51
Tem-se dito: um homem, para ser juiz, deveria ser mais que um homem. E se viu que, no fundo, é precisamente tal ideia a que inspira aquela forma de correção da insuficiência do juiz que é o colégio judicial. Mas não é este o único remédio que a experiência tem sugerido.
Para compreender, é necessário partir da parciali-dade do homem. Todo homem, dissemos, é uma parte. Precisamente por isto, nenhum homem chega a apoderar-se da verdade. Aquela verdade que cada um de nós crê, não é mais que um aspecto da verdade; algo assim como uma minúscula faceta de um diamante maravi-
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lhoso. É o que Cristo nos tem ensinado dizendo: “Eu sou a verdade”; alcançar a verdade é alcançar a Ele; e Dele, amando-o, podemos nos aproximar sem fim; mas alcançá-lo não, porque Ele é infinito. A verdade é como a luz ou como o silêncio, que compreendem todas as cores e todos os sons; mas a física tem demons-trado que nosso olho não vê e nosso ouvido não ouve mais que um curto segmento da gama das cores ou dos sons; há, mais aquém e mais além da nossa capacidade censora, as cores infravermelhas e as ultravioletas assim como os infrassons e os ultrassons.
Assim se explica um ponto de vista, o qual, para quem quer compreender este importantíssimo fato social que é o processo, tem uma importância de primeiro plano. O juiz, quando julga, estabelece quem tem razão; isto quer dizer: de que lado está a razão. Razão que é, e não pode ser mais que uma, a verdade; também, neste sentido, são equivalentes razão e verdade. Porém, como se explica, então, se a razão é uma só, que, precisamente no processo, cada uma das partes exponha suas razões? As que o Ministério Público e o defensor expõem, quando discutem, são as razões pelas quais o primeiro pede a condenação e o segundo a absolvição. Como se concilia a unidade da razão com
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a pluralidade de razões? Como pode ocorrer que, de quem termina por não ter razão, dele se possa dizer que expôs suas razões?
A verdade é que, socorrendo-se de novo da comparação, a razão se decompõe nas razões como a luz se decompõe nas cores e o silêncio nos sons. Do mesmo modo que não podemos enxergar toda a luz nem gozar de todo o silêncio, assim tampouco podemos nos apoderar de toda a razão. As razões são aquela fração de verdade que, a cada um de nós, parece ter nos alcançado. Quanto mais razões se exponham, tanto mais será possível que, juntando-as, alguém se aproxime da verdade.
No fundo, quando o juiz passa a julgar...
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