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Open educational resources

Document Citado por Related
Vincent
AutorEduardo Magrani and Pedro Belchior
Páginas165-167

Page 165

see notes FN>66 and 67

Besides the practicality it could bring to the authors, free licensing can also contribute to promote the most important constitutional rights in the scope of cultural production: the access to culture and the access to knowledge.

Open Educational Resources (OER) were mentioned for the irst time in 2002, in a UNESCO conference. Participants at that forum deined the OER as a vast provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation, facilitated by free licensing.

Page 166

Given the limitation of copyright protection, the transaction costs needed for the legal distribution of works are normally too high, creating obstacles to the practice and leaving both the author and the user in a situation of juridical instability, since it isn’t clear how the available works could be legally used. Regarded as a possible way to solve this problem, free licenses, that are nothing more than standard use licenses, could specify which forms of utilization are allowed.

Open Educational Resources are theoretically digitalized materials offered freely and openly to educators, students and self-learners, so that they can be used and reused in learning, teaching and research activities. OER are easily found on the Internet and can be accessed by teachers, educational institutions and students. Their main function is to contribute to the renovation and ampliication of the educational systems worldwide. Under this perspective, Creative Commons performs a key role in the consolidation of OER as CC licenses are one of the most eficient and useful means to assure a wider availability of courseware related to the Open Educational Resources.

Currently, there are several initiatives focused on the promotion of OER. In the United States, a program launched by the North American Ministries, dedicated to higher education, offers a fund of 2 billion dollars to teaching institutions in order to develop technical courses. The material produced by this program in its four years length is entirely licensed in CC-BY. Another important initiative to OER’s trajectory is the one made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which has allowed the virtual divulgation of all MIT’s digital contents known as MIT OpenCourseWare (MIT-OPW); its goal was to make all the material used in most graduation and post-graduation courses available to online consultation. MIT’s...

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