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- Livros E Revistas
- Elementos de Direito do Trabalho E Processo Trabalhista 2015
- Segunda Parte. Direito Processual do Trabalho
Nulidade no processo do trabalho. Preclusão e perempção
Autor | Francisco Meton Marques De Lima/Francisco Péricles Rodrigues Marques De Lima |
Ocupação do Autor | Mestre em Direito e Desenvolvimento pela UFC. Doutor em Direito Constitucional pela UFMG/Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Ceará |
Páginas | 385-387 |
Page 385
O Direito Processual caracteriza-se por uma porção de regras que devem ser observadas, para garantia dos litigantes contra arbítrios e abusos e para o perfeito encadeamento dos atos processuais até a decisão final. A inobservância dessas regras torna irregular o ato.
A matéria encontra-se nos arts. 794 a 798 da CLT, em que é tratada de forma simples e concisa.
Princípios — Coqueijo Costa alinha quatro princípios que norteiam o sistema das nulidades processuais, as quais enquadramos na CLT e no CPC:
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da instrumentalidade — se o ato, praticado por outra forma, tiver atingido o seu fim, será válido (art. 244 do CPC). No processo trabalhista é mais vasto, enquadrando-se na fórmula do art. 794 da CLT;
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da transcendência — não há nulidade sem prejuízo (arts. 794 da CLT e 249, § 1º, do CPC);
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da proteção — só se adota a nulidade quando for impossível suprir-lhe a falta ou repetir-se o ato e quando não for arguida por quem lhe tiver dado causa (art. 796 da CLT).
A Lei n. 11.276/2006, dentre várias alterações que faz ao CPC, acrescenta ao art. 515 o § 4º, em que faculta aos tribunais aproveitarem o processo, mandando suprir as faltas, antes do julgamento da apelação, em vez de pronunciar a nulidade;
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da convalidação — a nulidade sana-se pelo consentimento, ou quando não alegada na oportunidade própria. Não se convalidam, porém, a nulidade absoluta e a decorrente da preterição de norma pública cogente.
“Nos processos sujeitos à apreciação da Justiça do Trabalho só haverá nulidade quando resultar dos atos inquinados manifesto prejuízo às partes litigantes” — art. 794 da CLT.
Daí extraem-se os pressupostos da nulidade: a) real constatação da nulidade; b) os atos inquinados resultem manifesto prejuízo aos litigantes. Não é, pois, um prejuízo hipotético, duvidoso.
Page 386
O art. 795 determina que: “as nulidades não serão declaradas senão mediante provocação das partes, as quais deverão argui-las à primeira vez em que tiverem de falar em audiência ou nos autos”. Isto em relação à nulidade relativa, porque a absoluta deve ser declarada de ofício.
A nulidade não será pronunciada: quando for possível suprir-se a falta ou repetir-se o ato e quando for arguida por quem lhe tiver dado causa: art. 796. O juiz ou Tribunal que pronunciar a nulidade declarará os atos a que ela se estende. A nulidade do ato só prejudicará os posteriores que dele...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Elementos de direito do trabalho e processo trabalhista 2015
- Segunda parte. Direito processual do trabalho
- Noções fundamentais de direito processual do trabalho
- Organização judiciária do trabalho
- Jurisdição e competência da justiça do trabalho
- Procedimentos nos dissídios individuais
- Exceções de impedimento, suspeição e incompetência
- Procedimentos nos dissídios coletivos
- Das provas no processo do trabalho
- Julgamento e homologação
- Atos, termos, prazos e comunicação dos atos processuais
- Despesas processuais e responsabilidade
- Nulidade no processo do trabalho. Preclusão e perempção
- Sistema recursal trabalhista
- Panorama geral da execução trabalhista
- Da penhora
- Defesa do executado, embargos de terceiro e recursos na execução
- Execução contra a fazenda pública e das contribuições previdenciárias
- Ação rescisória na justiça do trabalho
- Tutela dos interesses e direitos difusos, coletivos e individuais homogêneos
- Ações cautelares e antecipação de tutela no processo trabalhista
- Ação de consignação em pagamento, ação monitória e outras ações cíveis no processo do trabalho
- Ações constitucionais na justiça do trabalho
- Principais fontes de consulta e indicações de leitura
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