Natureza Jurídica do Instituto
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado. Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região. Fundador da Escola da Associação dos Magistrados do Trabalho do Paraná |
Páginas | 29-31 |
Page 29
Há alguns anos sustentava-se, notadamente na doutrina estrangeira, que a prova pertencia ao direito material1. O argumento dos que assim entendiam se lastreava no fato de que, muitas vezes, ela preexiste ao processo, como no caso da prova pré-constituída - conceituada por Pedro Batista Martins (Comentários ao Código de Processo Civil. v. II, n. 249, p. 385. 1941) como aquela que tem por finalidade a "garantia e segurança do negócio jurídico"2, porquanto não busca, em rigor, produzir efeitos em juízo, "embora possa, eventualmente, servir a fins de natureza jurídica" (ibidem).
Pontes de Miranda (Tratado de Direito Privado. tomo III, § 345, p. 404), perfilhando o mesmo entendimento, advertia, a propósito, que: "Pensar-se em prova judicial quando se fala em prova é apenas devido à importância espetacular do litígio, nas relações jurídicas entre os homens".
Já a esse tempo, contudo, diversos autores de nomeada3proclamavam, em sentido algo oposto, a natureza exclusivamente processual da prova judiciária.
Conquanto a doutrina se houvesse cindido, basicamente, em duas concepções acerca dessa questão, Amauri Mascaro Nascimento (Curso de direito processual do trabalho. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1978. p. 199) indica a existência, no particular, de cinco correntes, que podem ser assim sintetizadas: a) a prova é um fenômeno material; b) é um fenômeno de natureza mista, ou seja, material e processual, pois existem normas que disciplinam a prova fora do processo e outras que se dirigem ao juiz, a quem compete aplicá-las; c) é unicamente processual, uma vez que se destina, exclusivamente, ao convencimento do julgador; d) há uma divisão das normas sobre prova em dois ramos, cada qual com
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natureza própria, substancial e processual; e) a prova pertence ao denominado direito judicial, entendido como aquele que tem por objeto uma relação jurídica entre a Justiça e o indivíduo.
Não há negar que as disputas doutrinárias são, até certo momento, extremamente benéficas e necessárias ao acertamento e à consolidação dos conceitos dos institutos jurídicos4, bem assim para a dirimência das controvérsias derivantes da omissão ou da imprecisão científica ou terminológica dos textos legais. Cumpre observar, porém, que nos dias atuais já não estão presentes os motivos que determinaram o estabelecimento da cizânia doutrinária a respeito da natureza jurídica da prova, na medida em que o Código de Processo Civil - a partir de 1939 -...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- A Prova no Processo do Trabalho (de acordo com o novo CPC)
- Generalidades
- Natureza Jurídica do Instituto
- Conceito de Prova Judiciária
- Verdade Real e Verdade Formal
- Objeto da Prova
- Finalidade da Prova
- Princípios Reitores da Prova
- Momento e Lugar de Produção da Prova
- Classificação das Provas
- Meios de Prova
- Ônus da Prova
- Procedimento Probatório
- Valoração da Prova
- Revelia e Produção de Provas
- Produção Antecipada de Provas
- Produção de Provas em Ação Rescisória
- Prova e Cognição
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