Natureza Jurídica
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado. Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região |
Páginas | 44-46 |
Page 44
Anteriormente ao advento do CPC de 1939, e mesmo durante a sua vigência, estabeleceu-se intensa disputa doutrinária a respeito da natureza jurídica da execução. Sustentava-se, de um lado, que ela era mera fase do procedimento (CARVALHO, Costa. Curso teórico-prático de direito judiciário. Rio de Janeiro, 1953. vol. 5, p. 11, n. 1); um componente, uma parte integrante da ação (FRAGA, Affonso. Execução das sentenças, p. 17, n. 2); de outro, afirmava-se a sua autonomia em face do processo de conhecimento, mediante o argumento de que a execução constituía — para utilizarmos a linguagem da época — uma nova instância (PEREIRA E SOUZA. Primeiras linhas sobre processo civil. v. 3, p. 18, nota 780; MENDES JÚNIOR. Direito judiciário brasileiro, p. 427); um juízo novo (ALMEIDA E SOUZA. Tratado sobre as execuções, p. 99, § 88), tanto que se iniciava pela citação do devedor (BATISTA, Paula. Teoria e prática do processo civil e comercial, p. 135, § 177).
Gabriel de Rezende Filho, representante desta última corrente de pensamento, entendia que a execução figurava como o epílogo da ação condenatória, o seu coroamento, de maneira que ambos nada mais eram do que momentos de uma só ação, anotando que, “no processo judiciário, também se começa por conhecer os fatos e o direito, mediante o contraditório e por obra do juiz; depois o juiz decide, isto é, quer em sentido jurídico, conferindo a este querer uma eficácia toda especial; finalmente, age, isto é, assegura praticamente o resultado da obra intelectual e volitiva, mediante as formas exigidas pelo conteúdo mesmo da sentença. A atividade de conhecimento é também atividade de coerção. Deve-se reconhecer, portanto, que existe uma unidade fundamental em todos os momentos da jurisdição, tanto nos declarativos como nos executivos” (Curso de direito processual civil. 2. ed. São Paulo, 1953. III, p. 184).
A fonte dessa dissensão doutrinária radicava, reconhecidamente, no art. 196 do CPC de 1939, que dispunha: “A instância começará pela citação inicial válida e terminará por sua absolvição (atual extinção do processo sem resolução do mérito: CPC, art. 485) ou cessação ou pela execução da sentença”, valendo registrar que esse artigo estava inserido no Livro II, que versava de disposições gerais sobre o processo.
O CPC de 1973 deu cobro, porém, à controvérsia, ao considerar o processo de execução como autônomo, dedicando-lhe, inclusive, todo um Livro (II), integrado por diversos Capítulos e Seções...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho 12.ª Edição 2017
- Livro I - Generalidades
- Etimologia e Conceito
- Natureza Jurídica
- Escorço Histórico
- Processo de Execução
- Procedimento Executivo
- Ação de Execução
- Princípios Informativos da Execução
- Legitimidade
- Competência
- Interesse Processual
- Requisitos Necessários para Realizar a Execução
- Execução Definitiva e Execução Provisória
- Cumulação de Execuções
- Execução de Obrigações Alternativas
- Execução Sujeita a Condição ou Termo
- Execução de Prestações Sucessivas
- Responsabilidade Patrimonial do Devedor
- Fraude à Execução
- Ato Atentatório à Dignidade da Justiça
- Execução Contra a Fazenda Pública
- Execução Contra a Massa Falida e Contra as Sociedades em Regime de Liquidação Extrajudicial
- Prescrição Intercorrente
- Recurso na Execução
- Suspensão e Extinção da Execução
- Nulidade da Execução
- Desistência da Execução
- Liquidação da Sentença
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