Muito barulho para nada: o caso da liberdade sexual nas forças armadas
Autor | Dimitri Dimoulis |
Páginas | 295-297 |
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No dia 28 de outubro 2015, o Supremo declarou inconstitucionais as expressões "pederastia ou outro" e "homossexual ou não" no artigo 235 do Código Penal Militar. Essa decisão pode ser exemplo de atuação do Tribunal em prol dos direitos fundamentais de grupos indevidamente discriminados? A resposta depende da contextualização desta legislação e, uma vez que isso tenha sido feito, a decisão revela-se a favor do status quo ante.
O Código Penal Militar foi promulgado em 1969, em plena ditadura militar, pelos ministros militares e invocando expressamente, para ins de competência, o AI-5. É um código extremamente repressivo que prevê penas draconianas (incluindo a de morte). Como sobrevivência pré-iluminista no século XXI, o Código Penal Militar tem predileção pela retórica.
Dentre outros exemplos, a expressão "ou qualquer outro" aparece dezenas de vezes, gerando curiosas redundâncias, como no art. 279: "Dirigir veículo motorizado, sob administração militar na via pública, encontrando-se em estado de embriaguez, por bebida alcoólica ou qualquer outro inebriante" (grifos meus).
Nesse contexto histórico e redacional, não causa surpresa que o art. 235 tipiique o fato de "Praticar, ou permitir o militar que com ele se pratique ato libidinoso, homossexual ou não, em lugar sujeito a administração militar".
O acréscimo de palavras à descrição básica do tipo penal pode ter função tanto ampliadora como limitadora da proibição. Mas o que ocorre quando o legislador penal utiliza expressões pleonásticas na
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descrição do fato típico? O pleonasmo pode ser vício de linguagem ou tentativa retórica de enfatizar a proibição. Já do ponto de vista jurídico, carece de relevância normativa: não amplia nem restringe a criminalização.
Ao apreciar a constitucionalidade do artigo 235 na ADPF 291, o Supremo fez opções preocupantes. Às críticas ao processo decisório apresentadas por Juliana Gomes e Diego Arguelhes acrescentaremos mais duas, focadas na substância da decisão.
A primeira diz respeito ao objeto do controle de constitucionalidade. Ao declarar não recepcionadas as expressões "homossexual ou não", "pederastia ou outro" do artigo 235 sem intervir na enunciação do fato típico e da sanção, o Supremo atuou sobre um legítimo objeto de controle de constitucionalidade? Pode ser declarado inconstitucional algo que não afeta direitos e posições? Aceitar isto, equivaleria a admitir que compete aos ministros policiar a linguagem do legislador, eliminando...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Direitos fundamentais
- Muito barulho para nada: o caso da liberdade sexual nas forças armadas
- Um Supremo socialmente seletivo?
- A tendência passivista do Supremo
- Mais regras e menos princípio para a liberdade de expressão
- Falta de parâmetros ainda é risco para produção de biografias
- Supremo e as prisões: corte constitucional em vários atos
- Quantos gramas fazem um traficante?
- Por que liberar o Funpen não é solução?
- Por que o STF abre mão de defender a liberdade de imprensa?
- Por que só maconha?
- O gênero bate às portas do Supremo
- O direito de resposta no (e além do) Supremo
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