Modificações da competência
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 101-102 |
Page 101
Nos termos do art. 54, do CPC, a competência em razão do valor e do território poderá ser modificada pela conexão ou continência.
Isto corresponde a afirmar que essa modificação somente será possível quando se tratar de competência relativa.
Conexão. O substantivo conexão sugere, lexicamente, a ideia de ligação, vinculação, articulação. Do ponto de vista processual, são conexas duas ou mais causas quando lhes for comum o objeto ou a causa de pedir (CPC, art. 55). A re-dação deste texto legal é imperfeita, porque, primeiramente, deveria ter aludido à causa de pedir e, depois, ao pedido a fim de atender à ordem lógica com que as coisas se dispõem na petição inicial. De qualquer modo, a conjunção coordenativa ou, constante da redação desse dispositivo legal, revela que para a configuração da conexão basta a presença de um destes elementos coincidentes: causa de pedir ou pedido; não, de ambos. É oportuno rememorar que a causa de pedir é constituída pela narração dos fatos, mais os fundamentos jurídicos da pretensão.
Continência. No substantivo continência está a noção de conter alguma coisa. Sob a perspectiva processual, é empregado para identificar a existência de duas demandas, em que há identidade quanto às partes e à causa de pedir, embora o pedido de uma, por ser mais amplo, abarque o da outra (CPC, art. 56). Pode-se falar, neste caso, em causa continente (mais ampla) e causa contida (menos ampla). É certo que também na continência há uma certa conexão, se considerarmos, por exemplo, a identidade das causas de pedir. Não traduziria impropriedade técnica, portanto, afirmar-se que a continência é espécie do gênero conexão. A propósito, na continência, ao contrário da conexão, o legislador não fez uso da conjunção coordenativa ou, e sim da conjunção e, de tal maneira que para efeito de configuração daquela, se exige identidade de partes e de causa petendi - além de os pedidos formulados em uma das causas abranger os contidos em outra.
De que maneira, contudo, a conexão e a continência podem modificar a competência em razão do valor ou do território?
A resposta está nos art. 57, do CPC: havendo continência e a ação continente tiver sido ajuizada anteriormente, no processo relativo à ação contida será proferida sentença sem resolução de mérito; caso contrário, os respectivos autos serão necessariamente reunidos. A norma legal citada faz referência à reunião de ações, o que é impossível, se considerarmos a ação como o direito de...
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