“Mobbing”
Autor | Denize Do Val |
Nova figura surge no mundo trabalhista para justificar mais uma das oportunidades de concessão de dano moral aos trabalhadores: o “mobbing”. Mobbing; assédio psicológico; assédio moral; terror psicológico; bulling no trabalho…. causando absenteísmo, baixa na produtividade e rotatividade de pessoal.
No contexto etológico, o comportamento de mobbing é um ataque coletivo direcionado a um alvo considerado perigoso, por exemplo, um predador. Normalmente, este ataque envolve vários indivíduos da mesma espécie ou de espécies diferentes que tentam confundir o intruso com muitas vocalizações e ameaças a distância, afligindo-o com ataques sucessivos. O comportamento está fortemente relacionado, à estação reprodutiva, indicando sua importância para a defesa dos ovos e dos filhotes recém-nascidos. Em resumo: na natureza, o grupo de animais, especialmente para proteger seus filhotes se une em ataque contra um predador. O que seria isso no ambiente de trabalho?
Na década de 1980, o conceito de mobbing foi popularizado pelo psicólogo Heinz Leymann, alemão, radicado na Suécia, considerado o “pai do mobbing“. Ressalte-se aqui que foi educado no sistema alemão com vivência no sistema social sueco. Deixaremos reticências… De qualquer modo, define mobbing como o fenômeno no qual uma pessoa ou grupo de pessoas exerce violência psicológica extrema, de forma sistemática e recorrente e durante um tempo prolongado – por mais de seis meses e que os ataques se repitam numa freqüência média de duas vezes na semana – sobre outra pessoa no local de trabalho, com a finalidade de destruir as redes de comunicação da vítima ou vítimas, destruir sua reputação, perturbar a execução de seu trabalho e conseguir finalmente que essa pessoa ou pessoas acabe abandonando o local de trabalho (Leymann, 1990, p. 121). O conceito de mobbing proposto pela etologia e o fenômeno descrito por Leymann, não se identificam e não mantém qualquer semelhança ou pontos em comum.
Assim, seria o mobbing inverso, sendo a empresa e seu grupo dominante a atacando o predador de metas. E dessa forma, cumprir metas torna-se sinônimo de terror psicológico. Na verdade, da mesma maneira que os animais reagem à presença de um predador, o empregado assim enxerga o chefe, a empresa, mas como não pode admiti-lo, ganha apoio o conceito inverso.
A questão é tão absurda que foi necessário que o autor da tese criasse critérios definindo o mobbing inverso: a) ataques à vítima através de medidas organizacionais; b)...
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