Mais regras e menos princípio para a liberdade de expressão
Autor | Ivar A. Hartmann |
Páginas | 307-309 |
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Determinar que a autorização prévia para biograias não é necessária foi a menos importante das contribuições do Supremo para o direito brasileiro na ADI 4815. O essencial foi o avanço na determinação de regras para ocupar o vácuo dessa inter-pretação absurda do Código Civil e da Constituição.
Derrubar a ideia grotesca de que uma pessoa ou seus herdeiros têm a prerrogativa de emitir licença para um biógrafo é como cortar apenas uma das cabeças da hidra. Não se tratava de uma opção do legislador que o Supremo fosse obrigado a enfrentar e decidir se é constitucional. O artigo 20 do Código Civil é extremamente mal redigido - o que é fácil constatar e a ministra Cármen Lúcia lembrou em seu voto. A péssima redação facilitou uma interpretação absurda de que era necessária autorização para biograias. E, o que é pior, não há nada no artigo que permita a conclusão de que é aplicável apenas para biograias .
Na verdade o problema central que o Supremo começou inalmente a combater é a falta de um padrão ou critério de decisão para os casos de conlito entre o direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão, de um lado, e a honra ou o direito fundamental à privacidade, de outro. O direito brasileiro precisava que o Supremo deinisse algumas regras para decidir esses casos, ainda mais comuns em nosso país desde que a internet deu a milhões de pessoas a capacidade de ter sua opinião lida e ouvida.
Um dos entraves principais a um Estado Democrático no Brasil hoje é a maneira como o Judiciário decide casos nos quais se alega
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violação da honra ou privacidade em função de manifestação do pensamento - seja política, jornalística, acadêmica ou veiculada em mero post de rede social. As decisões são quase sempre no sentido de censurar ou impor pagamento de danos morais. Qualquer pessoa que se sente ofendida e quer censurar quase sempre consegue. O panorama é pior do que na ditadura, quando era necessário cuidado para não ofender o governo. Hoje é preciso cuidado para não ofender nenhum dos 200 milhões de brasileiros!
Há diferentes fatores que contribuem para esse fenômeno. Primeiro, o Brasil é o país da cordialidade. Criticar alguém é sempre, por deinição, um desrespeito. Segundo, nosso Judiciário é muito conservador quando se trata de manifestação do pensamento. Um tribunal é capaz de conirmar decisão que proíbe um morador de protestar - mesmo que online - contra o empreendimento de uma construtora. Terceiro, nos últimos anos virou moda jogar ao...
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