Locação de Imóvel Urbano: Conceito e Características
Autor | André Fernandes da Silva |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado, consultor e assessor jurídico; pós-graduado em Direito Civil e Processo Civil |
Páginas | 17-20 |
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A locação é um instituto com origem no Direito Romano, a qual se dividia em: locatio conductio rerum, que era a locação de coisas; a locatio conductio operarum, que era a locação de serviços; e a locatio conductio operis, que era a locação de obra ou empreitada.
Assim conceitua Sílvio de Salvo Venosa1:
De forma geral, a locação, dentro do conceito romano tradicional, é contrato pelo qual um sujeito se compromete, mediante remuneração, a facultar ao outro, por certo tempo, o uso e gozo de uma coisa (locação das coisas), a prestação de um serviço (locação de serviços), ou a executar uma obra (empreitada).
A Locação de Coisas, por sua vez, está subdividida em bens móveis e imóveis.
Nos casos das locações de bens imóveis, que é o objeto de nosso trabalho, há de se obedecer à legislação especial, como nos casos das locações de bens públicos e da própria Lei n. 8.245/91, que ora iniciamos o estudo.
Para a devida aplicação da Lei do Inquilinato, é mister identificar o seu campo de atuação, bem como os interesses jurídicos a serem tutelados. O caput do art. 1º dispõe sobre a Locação de Imóvel
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Urbano. Como segue: “A locação de imóvel urbano regula-se pelo disposto nesta Lei. Parágrafo único. Continuam regulados pelo Código Civil e pelas leis especiais: a) as locações: 1. de imóveis de propriedade da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios, de suas autarquias e fundações públicas; 2. de vagas autônomas de garagem ou de espaços para estacionamento de veículos; 3. de espaços destinados à publicidade;
4. em apart-hotéis, hotéis-residência ou equiparados, assim considerados aqueles que prestam serviços regulares a seus usuários e como tais sejam autorizados a funcionar; b) o arrendamento mercantil, em qualquer de suas modalidades.”
Da expressão “Locação de Imóvel Urbano” acendem as maiores controvérsias doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais.
No que concerne ao vocábulo “imóvel”, ilustres juristas se posicionam na defesa de duas correntes distintas: a primeira, fiel à origem romana, considera como “imóvel”, para efeito da Lei do Inquilinato, tanto o solo quanto as construções que a ele acedem. A segunda corrente sustenta que a referência do caput era para as construções realizadas pelo homem, sob ou sobre a superfície do solo. Ou seja, não havendo construção no terreno, o regime jurídico a ser aplicado é o do sistema geral do Código Civil e não a Lei n. 8.245/91.
Atualmente, a posição majoritária entre os doutrinadores e nos tribunais é no...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- A Lei de Locações e os Direitos do Locatário
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- Locação de Imóvel Urbano: Conceito e Características
- Comentários à Lei n. 8.245/91
- Do Contrato de Locação
- Da Arrematação, da Adjudicação e a Cláusula de Vigência
- Locatário e a Relação em Condomínio
- Lei n. 8.245, de 18 de Outubro de 1991
- Lei n. 4.591, de 16 de Dezembro de 1964
- Código Civil - Lei n. 10.406, de 10 de Janeiro de 2002
- Referências Bibliográficas
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