Opinativo ? O legado conceitual do fim da Súmula n. 366 do STJ
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No último mês de setembro, o STJ cancelou sua Súmula n. 366, que declarava ser competente a Justiça estadual “processar e julgar ação indenizatória proposta por viúva e filhos de empregado falecido em acidente de trabalho”.
O cancelamento da Súmula n. 366 do STJ foi um marco na história da jurisprudência brasileira. Três razões fundamentais autorizam essa conclusão: com ele, (a) eliminou-se impasse de consequências desastrosas para a sociedade, (b) consolidou-se a ideia de unidade de convicção e (c) sedimentou-se um novo marco conceitual da competência da Justiça do Trabalho. De quebra, ainda eliminou barbeiragem de técnica processual da Corte, pois a redação da súmula aludia à “viúva” (e não ao cônjuge) e aos “filhos” (e não aos descendentes ou ascendentes) da vítima.
O desastre social decorria da insegurança e da procrastinação infinita dos processos no debate estéril da competência. A tramitação ação indenizatória no juízo incompetente implicava nulidade ab ovo dos atos decisórios do processo, mesmo depois de percorridas longas vias recursais. De quebra, empilhavam-se processos aos borbotões, no STJ, à espera de decisão sobre quem deve julgar a causa.
O segundo marco histórico é a eliminação do risco de decisões conflitantes acerca da mesma matéria. O mesmo acidente de trabalho — aquele em que há mais de uma vítima, por exemplo — poderia receber qualificação jurídica distinta, se sujeitas as demandas dele oriundas a órgãos jurisdicionais diferentes.
O terceiro e mais importante efeito decorrente da extirpação da Súmula n. 366 é, digamos, conceitual. O verbete sumulado evidenciava a base teórica da jurisprudência do STJ sobre o tema, calcada na ideia restritiva de que a Justiça do Trabalho julga apenas conflitos entre...
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